N 7. Medicinal Herbs

Historically, plants have played an important role in medicine. For early peoples, they came easily to hand, and were intricately connected to diet and healing. Through observation and experimentation, they learned which plants promoted health and well-being.

Without plants, most medicines you take would not exist. Over 40% of medicines now prescribed in the U.S. contain chemicals derived from plants. Historically, plant medicines were discovered by trial and error. Our ancestors noticed that aches and pains went away when they drank tea made from the bark of a willow tree. Later, scientists found that willow bark contains salicylic acid, the active ingredient in aspirin.

 

Goldenseal, ginseng, echinacea, ginkgo – visit your local drug store or supermarket and you’ll find large quantities of these products on the shelves, intermingled with old favorites like aspirin. Medicinal plants are used commercially, thanks to contributions of traditional cultures worldwide, modern medicine, and pharmacognosy.

 

 

 

 

Aloe Vera

 

 

Medicinal Uses

Aloe vera is a fairly well known herbal preparation with a long history of use. It is widely used in modern herbal practice and is often available in proprietary herbal preparations. It has two distinct types of medicinal use. The clear gel contained within the leaf makes an excellent treatment for wounds, burns and other skin disorders, placing a protective coat over the affected area, speeding up the rate of healing and reducing the risk of infection. This action is in part due to the presence of aloectin B, which stimulates the immune system. To obtain this gel, the leaves can be cut in half along their length and the inner pulp rubbed over the affected area of skin. This has an immediate soothing effect on all sorts of burns and other skin problems. The second use comes from the yellow sap at the base of the leaf.

 

 

 

The leaves are cut transversally at their base and the liquid that exudes from this cut is dried. It is called bitter aloes and contains anthraquinones which are a useful digestive stimulant and a strong laxative. When plants are grown in pots the anthraquinone content is greatly reduced. The plant is emmenagogue, emollient, laxative, purgative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge and vulnerary. Extracts of the plant have antibacterial activity. Apart from its external use on the skin, aloe vera (usually the bitter aloes) is also taken internally in the treatment of chronic constipation, poor appetite, digestive problems etc. It should not be given to pregnant women or people with haemorrhoids or irritable bowel syndrome. The plant is strongly purgative so great care should be taken over the dosage. The plant is used to test if there is blood in the faeces. This plant has a folk history of treatment in cases of cancer.

Calendula officinalis – Pot Marigold

 

 

Pot marigold is one of the best known and versatile herbs in Western herbal medicine and is also a popular domestic remedy. It is, above all, a remedy for skin problems and is applied externally to bites and stings, sprains, wounds, sore eyes, varicose veins etc. It is also a cleansing and detoxifying herb and is taken internally in treating fevers and chronic infections. Only the common deep-orange flowered variety is considered to be of medicinal value. The whole plant, but especially the flowers and the leaves, is antiphlogistic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aperient, astringent, cholagogue, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, skin, stimulant and vulnerary. The leaves can be used fresh or dried, they are best harvested in the morning of a fine sunny day just after the dew has dried from them. The flowers are also used fresh or dried, for drying they are harvested when fully open and need to be dried quickly in the shade. A tea of the petals tones up the circulation and, taken regularly, can ease varicose veins. The leaves, blossoms and buds are used to make a homeopathic remedy. It is used internally in order to speed the healing of wounds.

 

Echinacea angustifolia – Echinacea , Echinacea purpurea – Echinacea

Echinacea is one of the world’s most important medicinal herbs. Research shows that it has the ability to raise the body’s resistance to bacterial and viral infections by stimulating the immune system. It is also antibiotic and helps to relieve allergies. The plant has a general stimulatory effect on the immune system and is widely used in modern herbal treatments. There has been some doubt over the ability of the body to absorb the medicinally active ingredients orally (intravenous injections being considered the only effective way to administer the plant), but recent research has demonstrated significant absorption from orally administered applications. In Germany over 200 pharmaceutical preparations are made from Echinacea. The roots and the whole plant are considered particularly beneficial in the treatment of sores, wounds, burns etc, possessing cortisone-like and antibacterial activity. The plant was used by North American Indians as a universal application to treat the bites and stings of all types of insects. An infusion of the plant was also used to treat snakebites.

 

 

 

Salvia officinalis – Sage

 

 

Sage has a very long history of effective medicinal use and is an important domestic herbal remedy for disorders of the digestive system. Its antiseptic qualities make it an effective gargle for the mouth where it can heal sore throats, ulcers etc. The leaves applied to an aching tooth will often relieve the pain. The whole herb is antihydrotic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, cholagogue, galactofuge, stimulant, tonic and vasodilator. Sage is also used internally in the treatment of excessive lactation, night sweats, excessive salivation (as in Parkinson’s disease), profuse perspiration (as in TB), anxiety, depression, female sterility and menopausal problems. Many herbalists believe that the purple-leafed forms of this species are more potent medicinally. This remedy should not be prescribed to pregnant women or to people who have epileptic fits. The plant is toxic in excess or when taken for extended periods – though the toxic dose is very large. Externally, it is used to treat insect bites, skin, throat, mouth and gum infections and vaginal discharge. The leaves are best harvested before the plant comes into flower and are dried for later use. The essential oil from the plant is used in small doses to remove heavy collections of mucous from the respiratory organs and mixed in embrocations for treating rheumatism. In larger doses, however, it can cause epileptic fits, giddiness etc. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy.

Urtica dioica – Stinging Nettle

 

 

 

Nettles have a long history of use in the home as a herbal remedy and nutritious addition to the diet. A tea made from the leaves has traditionally been used as a cleansing tonic and blood purifier so the plant is often used in the treatment of hay fever, arthritis, anaemia etc. The whole plant is antiasthmatic, antidandruff, astringent, depurative, diuretic, galactogogue, haemostatic, hypoglycaemic and a stimulating tonic. An infusion of the plant is very valuable in stemming internal bleeding, it is also used to treat anaemia, excessive menstruation, haemorrhoids, arthritis, rheumatism and skin complaints, especially eczema. Externally, the plant is used to treat skin complaints, arthritic pain, gout, sciatica, neuralgia, haemorrhoids, hair problems etc. The fresh leaves of nettles have been rubbed or beaten onto the skin in the treatment of rheumatism etc. This practice, called urtification, causes intense irritation to the skin as it is stung by the nettles. It is believed that this treatment works in two ways. Firstly, it acts as a counter-irritant, bringing more blood to the area to help remove the toxins that cause rheumatism. Secondly, the formic acid from the nettles is believed to have a beneficial effect upon the rheumatic joints. The juice of the nettle can be used as an antidote to stings from the leaves and an infusion of the fresh leaves is healing and soothing as a lotion for burns. The root has been shown to have a beneficial effect upon enlarged prostate glands. A homeopathic remedy is made from the leaves. It is used in the treatment of rheumatic gout, nettle rash and chickenpox, externally is applied to bruises.

Mentha  piperita officinalis – White Peppermint

 

 

 

White peppermint is a very important and commonly used remedy, being employed by allopathic doctors as well as herbalists. It is also widely used as a domestic remedy. This cultivar is considered to be milder acting than black peppermint (Mentha x piperita vulgaris). A tea made from the leaves has traditionally been used in the treatment of fevers, headaches, digestive disorders (especially flatulence) and various minor ailments. The herb is abortifacient, anodyne, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, refrigerant, stomachic, tonic and vasodilator. An infusion is used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, digestive problems, spastic colon etc. Externally a lotion is applied to the skin to relieve pain and reduce sensitivity. The leaves and stems can be used fresh or dried, they are harvested for drying in August as the flowers start to open. The essential oil in the leaves is antiseptic and strongly antibacterial, though it is toxic in large doses. When diluted it can be used as an inhalant and chest rub for respiratory infections. The essential oil is sed in aromatherapy.

 

 

VIDEO

Medical Herbs and Supplements

Additional information

MEDICINAL HERBS

                                   This page is a simple catalogue of 124 medicinal herbs frequently used by CAM (Complementary and Alternative Medicine). This section is aimed at helping to give an idea regarding the herbs used for medicinal purpose.

 

 

 

Pharmacological terms and their meanings:

 

 

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Medicinal herbs

Plants contain phytochemicals that have effects on the body.

There may be some effects when consumed in the small levels that typify culinary “spicing”, and some herbs are toxic in larger quantities. For instance, some types of herbal extract, such as the extract of St. John’s-wort (Hypericum perforatum) or of kava (Piper methysticum) can be used for medical purposes to relieve depression and stress. However, large amounts of these herbs may lead to toxic overload that may involve complications, some of a serious nature, and should be used with caution. One herb-like substance, called Shilajit, may actually help lower blood glucose levels which is especially important for those suffering from diabetes. Herbs have long been used as the basis of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, with usage dating as far back as the first century CE and far before. Medicinal use of herbs in Western cultures has its roots in the Hippocratic (Greek) elemental healing system, based on a quaternary elemental healing metaphor. Famous herbalist of the Western tradition include Avicenna (Persian), Galen (Roman), Paracelsus (German Swiss), Culpepper (English) and the botanically inclined Eclectic physicians of 19th century/early 20th century America (John Milton Scudder, Harvey Wickes Felter, John Uri Lloyd). Modern pharmaceuticals had their origins in crude herbal medicines, and to this day, some drugs are still extracted as fractionate/isolate compounds from raw herbs and then purified to meet pharmaceutical standards.

Some herbs are used not only for culinary and medicinal purposes, but also for psychoactive and/or recreational purposes; one such herb is cannabis.

 

Sacred herbs

Herbs are used in many religions. For example, myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) and frankincense (Boswellia spp) in Christianity and Hellenismos, the Nine Herbs Charm in Anglo-Saxon paganism, the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) by the Tamils, holy basil or tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) in Hinduism, and many Rastafarians consider cannabis (Cannabis sp) to be a holy plant. Siberian Shamans also used herbs for spiritual purposes. Plants may be used to induce spiritual experiences for rites of passage, such as vision quests in some Native American cultures. The Cherokee Native Americans use both white sage and cedar for spiritual cleansing and smudging.

 

Prehistoric medicine

 

A skull showing evidence of trepanning

 

Prehistoric medicine is any use of medicine from before the invention of writing. As the timing of the invention of writing varies per culture and region, the term “prehistoric medicine” encompasses a wide range of time periods and dates.

The study of prehistoric medicine relies heavily on artifacts and human remains, and on anthropology. Previously uncontacted peoples and certain indigenous peoples who live in a traditional way have been the subject of anthropological studies in order to gain insight into both contemporary and ancient practices.

Disease and mortality

 

Different diseases and ailments were common in prehistory than are prevalent today; there is evidence that many people suffered from osteoarthritis, probably caused by the lifting of heavy objects which would have been a daily and necessary task in their societies.[citatioeeded] The transport of, for example, latte stones, though this practice only started after 800 A.D, during the neolithic era: involving hyper extension and torque of the lower back, while dragging the stones, may have contributed to the development of micro fractures in the spine and subsequent spondylolysis. Things such as cuts, bruises, and breakages of bone, without antiseptics, proper facilities, or knowledge of germs, would become very serious if infected. There is also evidence of rickets bone deformity and bone wastage (Osteomalacia), which is caused by a lack of Vitamin D.

 

The life expectancy in prehistoric times was low, 25–40 years with men living longer than women; archaeological evidence of women and babies found together suggests that many women would have died in childbirth, perhaps accounting for the lower life expectancy in women than men. Another possible explanation for the shorter life spans of prehistoric humans may be malnutrition; men, as hunters, generally received better food than their female counterparts, who would subsequently have been less resistant to disease.

 

Treatments for disease

Plant materials

 

Plant materials (herbs and substances derived from natural sources) were among the treatments for diseases in prehistoric cultures.[which?] Since plant materials quickly rot under most conditions, historians are unlikely to fully understand which species were used in prehistoric medicine. An idea can be obtained by looking at the climate of the respective society and which species continue to grow there today and through anthropological studies of existing indigenous peoples.Unlike the ancient civilisations which could source plant materials internationally, prehistoric societies would have been restricted to localised areas, though nomadic tribes may have had a greater variety of plant materials at their disposal than more stationary societies.

The effects of different plant materials could have been found through trial and error. Dispensal and gathering of plant materials was handled by women, who cared for the health of their family. Plant materials were an important cure for diseases throughout history.As they would not have been able to record the effects of different herbs, knowledge of them would have been passed down orally through the generations, or lost.

There has been suggestion that the Piptoporus betulinus, which are commonly found in alpine environments, could have been used as a basic laxative by prehistoric peoples living in those areas (Northern Europe), since it is known to bring on short bouts of diarrhoea when ingested,and was found among the possessions of a mummified man.

 

The use of earth and clays

 

Earths and clays may have provided prehistoric peoples with some of their first medicines. This is related to geophagy, which is extremely widespread among animals in the wild as well as among domesticated animals. In particular, geophagy is widespread among contemporary non-human primates.Also, early humans could have learned about the use of various healing clays by observing animal behaviour. Such clay is used both internally and externally, such as for treating wounds, and after surgery (see below).[citatioeeded] Geophagy, and the external use of clay are both still quite widespread among aboriginal peoples around the world, as well as among pre-industrial populations.

Surgery

Trepanning (sometimes trephining) was a basic surgical operation carried out, predominantly by medicine men, in prehistoric societies across the world, although evidence shows a concentration of the practice in Peru.Several theories question the reasoning behind trepanning; it could have been used to cure certain conditions such as headaches and epilepsy. These might have been considered effects of an evil spirit trapped within a person. Despite it being medically inappropriate in the vast majority of cases, and very dangerous procedure to carry out there is evidence of bone tissue surrounding the surgical hole partially grown back, therefore survival of the procedure did occur.

The plate of skull bone, sometimes as large as 5 cm (2 in) in diameter, would have been kept with the person until their death, serving as a charm or in some spiritual or religious capacity; burial of this bone plate was thought to return the body to its full state for the afterlife.[citation needed] Trepanning is amongst few surgical operations to be carried out in prehistoric times;[citatioeeded] other surgery was rarely undertaken; medicine men had neither the training or the specialised equipment required to do surgery on the internal body. The procedure would have taken around 60 minutes in a single session, and if done in several sessions, it could have taken up to 12 days to complete.

Many prehistoric peoples,[which?] where applicable (geographically and technologically), were able to set broken or fractured bones using clay materials. An injured area was covered in clay, which then set hard so that the bone could heal properly without interference.Also, primarily in the Americas, the pincers of certain ant species were used to close up wounds from infection; the ant was held above the wound until it bit, where its head would be removed allowing the pincers to remain and hold closed the wound.

 

Magic and medicine men

 

Medicine men (also witch-doctors, shamans) maintained the health of their tribe by gathering and distributing herbs, performing minor surgical procedures,providing medical advice, and supernatural treatments such as charms, spells, and amulets to ward off evil spirits. In Apache society, as would likely have been the case in many others, the medicine men initiate a ceremony over the patient, which is attended by family and friends. It consists of magic formulas, prayers, and drumming. The medicine man then, from patients’ recalling of their past and possible offenses against their religion or tribal rules, reveals the nature of the disease and how to treat it.

They were believed by the tribe to be able to contact spirits or gods and use their supernatural powers to cure the patient, and, in the process, remove evil spirits. If neither this method nor trepanning worked, the spirit was considered too powerful to be driven out of the person.[citatioeeded] Medicine men would likely have been central figures in the tribal system, because of their medical knowledge and because they could seemingly contact the gods. Their religious and medical training were, necessarily, passed down orally.[30]

 

Dentistry

 

Archaeologists in Mehrgarh in Balochistan province in the present day Pakistan discovered that the people of Indus Valley Civilization from the early Harappan periods (c. 3300 BC) had knowledge of medicine and dentistry. The physical anthropologist who carried out the examinations, Professor Andrea Cucina from the University of Missouri, made the discovery when he was cleaning the teeth from one of the men. Later research in the same area found evidence of teeth having been drilled, dating back 9,000 years.

The problem of evidence

The definition of “prehistoric” dictates that there is no written evidence which can be used for investigation into this period of history. Historians must use other sources such as human remains and anthropological studies of societies living under similar conditions. A variety of problems arise when the aforementioned sources are used.

Human remains from this period are rare and many have undoubtedly been destroyed by burial rituals or made useless by damage. The most informative archaeological evidence are mummies, remains which have been preserved by either freezing or in peat bogs; no evidence exists to suggest that prehistoric people mummified the dead for religious reasons, as Ancient Egyptians did. These bodies can provide scientists with subjects’ (at the time of death): weight, illnesses, height, diet, age, and bone conditions,which grant vital indications of how developed prehistoric medicine was.

Not technically classed as ‘written evidence’, prehistoric people left many kinds of paintings, using paints made of minerals such as lime, clay & charcoal and brushes made from feathers, animal fur or twigs, on the walls caves. Although many of these paintings are thought to have a spiritual or religious purpose, there have been some, such as a man with antlers (thought to be a medicine man), which have revealed some part of prehistoric medicine. Many cave paintings of human hands have shown missing fingers (none have been shown without thumbs), which suggests that these were cut off for sacrificial or practical purposes, as is the case among the Pygmies and Khoikhoi.

The writings of certain cultures (such as the Romans) can be used as evidence in discovering how their contemporary prehistoric cultures practiced medicine. People who live a similar nomadic existence today have been used as a source of evidence too, but obviously there are distinct differences in the environments in which nomadic people lived; prehistoric people who once lived in Britain for example, cannot be effectively compared to aboriginal peoples in Australia, because of the geographical differences.

 

Herbaceous plant

 

Trientalis latifolia (Broadleaf Starflower) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the ground layer of forests in western North America.

A herbaceous plant (in American botanical use simply herb) is a plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. They have no persistent woody stem above ground.Herbaceous plants may be annuals, biennials or perennials.

Annual herbaceous plants die completely at the end of the growing season or when they have flowered and fruited, and they then grow again from seed.

Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants have stems that die at the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant survive under or close to the ground from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they flower and die). New growth develops from living tissues remaining on or under the ground, including roots, a caudex (a thickened portion of the stem at ground level) or various types of underground stems, such as bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns and most grasses. By contrast, non-herbaceous perennial plants are woody plants which have stems above ground that remain alive during the dormant season and grow shoots the next year from the above-ground parts – these include trees, shrubs and vines.

Some relatively fast-growing herbaceous plants (especially annuals) are pioneers, or early-successional species. Others form the main vegetation of many stable habitats, occurring for example in the ground layer of forests, or iaturally open habitats such as meadow, salt marsh or desert.

Some herbaceous plants can grow rather large, such as the Musa genus, to which the banana belongs.

The age of some herbaceous perennial plants can be determined by analyzing annual growth rings in the secondary root xylem, a method called herbchronology.

 

Leaf vegetable

 

 

Fresh Gotukola (Centella asiatica)

 

Fresh Swiss chard

 

Fresh water spinach

 

Creamed spinach

Steamed kale

 

Leaf vegetables, also called potherbs, greens, vegetable greens, leafy greens or salad greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots. Although they come from a very wide variety of plants, most share a great deal with other leaf vegetables iutrition and cooking methods.

 

Nearly one thousand species of plants with edible leaves are known. Leaf vegetables most often come from short-lived herbaceous plants such as lettuce and spinach. Woody plants whose leaves can be eaten as leaf vegetables include Adansonia, Aralia, Moringa, Morus, and Toona species.

The leaves of many fodder crops are also edible by humans, but usually only eaten under famine conditions. Examples include alfalfa, clover, and most grasses, including wheat and barley. These plants are often much more prolific than more traditional leaf vegetables, but exploitation of their rich nutrition is difficult, primarily because of their high fiber content. This obstacle can be overcome by further processing such as drying and grinding into powder or pulping and pressing for juice.

Leaf vegetables contain many typical plant nutrients, but since they are photosynthetic tissues, their vitamin K levels in relation to those of other fruits and vegetables, as well as other types of foods, is particularly notable. The reason is that phylloquinone, the most common form of the vitamin, is directly involved in photosynthesis. This causes leaf vegetables to be the primary food class that interacts significantly with the anticoagulant pharmaceutical warfarin.

During the first half of the 20th century, it was common for greengrocers to carry small bunches of herbs tied with a string to small green and red peppers, these bundles were called “potherbs.”

 

 

Benefits and Uses of Aloe Vera Gel

 

Aloe vera gel is an indispensable part of your herbal dispensary. The leaf juices of the aloe plant have important medicinal uses making aloe one of the most respected medicinal plants found in many gels, creams and lotions. Modern researchers have identified several reasons why aloe gel spurs wound healing: It has antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral compounds that help prevent wound infections. It also has immune-stimulating and anti-inflammatory compounds, and it stimulates collagen synthesis and skin regeneration after a burn. Aloe gel contains vitamins C and E, plus the mineral zinc. Aloe vera gel is soothing, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial – helps heal acne, improve the appearance of wrinkles, and hydrate damaged skin. Applying a thin layer of aloe vera gel will help ease discomfort caused by painful skin irritations, flea and insect bites 1

 

Aloe juice also improves digestion and cleanses the digestive tract. Many beleive that aloe juice stimulates insulin production and prevents high triglycerides. Aloe juice has a long history of use for diabetes that has recently show promise in studies. Aloe juice products should not be sourced from outer leaves which can contain dangerous chemicals. 6

 

Aloe Vera gel for Pet care : Aloe will bring cooling relief to fleabites, reducing itching and scratching and is safe to use on dogs and cats. It also has immune-stimulating and anti-inflammatory compounds. Acemannan, a chemical compound found in Aloe Vera as a powerful immunostimulant in animals, particularly in cats. 2

 

 

Aloe Side Effects:  Drug aloes is a strong purgative that should be used very cautiously and not to be used during pregnancy or while nursing. Aloe bitters and aloe juice should not be taken internally during pregnancy. The laxative compounds in aloe are passed into mother’s milk, so nursing mothers should avoid internal use of aloe.4

 

How to Use: Aloe

 

 Preparation Methods & Dosage :The freshest aloe is of course, from your own plant. Apply aloe gel directly to skin for cooling relief to dry, itchy skin, minor burns and rashes. Commercial aloe skin care products (containing stabilized aloe) rarely, if ever, pack the therapeutic punch of fresh aloe because they no longer contain any tannins, and are mostly adulterated with alcohol. You can also incorporate aloe in homemade lotions, and use it as a carrier for essential oils. Add a few drops of Chamomile and/or Lavender oil for burns and scalds.

 

Benefits and Uses of Apple

The old folks really knew a good thing when they saw it. “An apple a day keeps the doctor away”; this humble fruit can help prevent two of the major lifestyle diseases of modern life, diabetes and heart disease. Apples contain malic and tartaric acids, and salts of potassium, sodium, magnesium, and iron. They also contain soluble fiber, which can lower cholesterol, help prevent plaque buildup in your arteries, and slow the uptake of glucose, helping you maintain healthy blood sugar levels.

 

Herbalists consider apples to be cleansing and tonic to the liver and kidneys. The best of the medicinal compounds are contained in the apple peel, so buy organic whenever possible and always wash thoroughly.84

 

Apple cider vinegar is such a useful and versatile substance, truly no household should be without it. You can’t go wrong with something that is good to eat, prevents hair loss, softens skin, and cleans and disinfects the bathroom to boot. When it is made from whole, crushed apples vinegar contains all the nutrition of apples, with some added enzymes and amino acids formed by fermentation. 125 The mother of all home remedies for arthritis is 3 tablespoons of ACV mixed with honey every day. This simple remedy has so much anecdotal evidence of its benefit that I can think of no reason for anyone with arthritis not to try it. If nothing else cut down on calories by substituting a fresh  vinaigrette salad dressing with herbs for the calorie laden, bottled kind to help increase weight loss. Vinegar is often touted for its alkalizing, effect as a balance to the many acid producing foods we tend to overeat, like meats and grains. There is some disagreement over whether vinegar, which is an acidic substance, makes the body more acidic, which acts to prevent food poisoning by killing harmful bacteria, 124 or whether it indeed has analkalizing, effect on the body. In any case, there is wide agreement that two or three tablespoons of vinegar as a daily tonic works to decrease inflammation, increase metabolism, and may help to alleviate the crippling pain of arthritis.

 

 The entire apple tree is useful in home and herbal medicine. In addition to the fruit of the apple tree, its bark, flowers, and leaves all have healthy properties. Herbalists use the apple tree much like its cousin the rose, for its astringent properties. The inner bark of the apple tree as well as blossoms are an astringent tonic, and can be used as an infusion for sore throats. The wild crab apple tree is considered better than modern cultivars for use in herbal medicine.

 

Benefits and Uses of Bitter Melon

 

 

 

Bitter melon contains compounds that closely resemble insulin

 

The gourd-like fruit has a long history as a treatment for diabetes. Bitter melon improves the body’s ability to use blood sugar and improves glucose tolerances. Also, at least one animal study noted that bitter melon fruit juice may cause a renewal and recovery of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.

 

Bitter melon is used to treat infections caused by retrovirus and is being investigated in the treatment of HIV. Other uses for bitter melon include treating colds, flu and fever, parasites, digestive and skin diseases.

 

 

In the Kitchen: The easiest place to find bitter melon is an Asian food market. Bitter melon is often used in stir fry dishes and combines well with ginger, lime, cilantro and garlic.

 

Traditional Chinese Medicine  Bitter melon can be taken in whole fruit form or as a momordica extract, tincture, or juice. The latter forms are most likely to be available from practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

 

 Ayurvedic Medicine  Bitter melon is light, easy to digest and calms kapha and pitta doshas. It is a good food for diabetes, is a mild laxative and liver tonic. 1

 

Bitter Melon Side Effects:  If you are taking medication for your blood sugar levels, take to your doctor before trying the fruit, and keep a close eye on your blood sugar. Avoid use if you have a history of liver problems. Excessive amounts can cause diarrhea and abdominal pain. Not for use during pregnancy

 

How to Use: Bitter Melon

 

 Preparation Methods & Dosage :Fresh Bitter melon is commonly found at Asian markets and can be used in cooking. Dried melon slices make a good tea.

 

 

Benefits and Uses of Cinnamon

 

The simple touch of cinnamon infuses warmth and energy throughout your body. As part of tea blends, cinnamon improves the taste of less tasty herbs, aids digestion and adds powerful antibacterial power to cold and flu remedies.14 Some very interesting recent research suggests that cinnamon may help diabetics control their blood sugar. 15 16 For a more intense, spicy cinnamon choose Cinnamomum cassia. Ceylon cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, has a sweeter, more delicate flavor. The oils of both contain cinnamic aldehyde as the major component, with cassia having the larger amount.

 

 

Cinnamon Side Effects:  Cassia cinnamon contains coumarin, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, sweet cinnamon only has trace amounts. Taking large amounts of cassia cinnamon over time might worsen bleeding in some people. Cassia oil is very irritating to the skin and should be handled with care.

 

How to Use: Cinnamon

 

 Preparation Methods & Dosage :You cannot get a therapeutic dose of cinnamon from everyday uses in cooking and baking, even if you could freely devour massive qualities of cinnamon buns in the name of better health. Cinnamon can be taken in capsules, extracts, herbal teas, and essential oil. Grinding cinnamon chips into powder yourself is the best way to ensure the freshest cinnamon. Store in air tight glass jars to seal in the goodness. Remember that the cinnamon powder sold in the grocery is much to old to have any medicinal value.  Herbal Remedies Featuring Cinnamon

After dinner delite spicy tea  *

Apple and cinnamon vinegar  *

Black Cherry cough syrup  *

Carpet fresh  *

Carpet fresh #1  *

Christmas House Spray  *

Cinnamon Ant Repellent  *

Cinnamon for infections  *

Cinnamon tea  *

Elder and Schisandra Cough Syrup  *

Elder and Schisandra Cough Syrup  *

Endocrine Tonic for Menopause  *

Fall/Winter Potpourri Mix  *

Herbal Slippery elm cough syrup  *

Herbal Tea Fizzies  *

Hot Toddy  *

Jamaican dogwood tea  *

Mulled Wine  *

Pumpkin Pie Spice Mix  *

Purple Passion Berry Cordial  *

Reishi and Sorrel diet tea  *

Rose and Lavender Scented Cushions  *

Sassafras & Sarsaparilla root tea  *

Spicy and sassy blood tonic  *

Spicy disinfectant spray  *

Spicy Sarsaparilla and roots tea  *

Suma root morning tea  *

Tonic for Fatigue with reishi mushroom and licorice root  *

Tulsi Cold Tea  *

Vinegar of the Four Thieves (Marseilles vinegar)  *

Wild Cherry and Viburnum Winter Night Blend  *

Willow Bark Tea  *

Window insect strips  *

 

Benefits and Uses of Dandelion Root

 

All parts of the dandelion are used for food and medicine, the roots are roasted and used in herbal coffees, the leaves and crowns for salads and cooked greens, the flowers for making dandelion wine, and the juice to cure warts and blisters. A complex array of nutrients and phytochemicals are the source of dandelion’s many valuable medicinal properties:

 

Dandelion leaves provide vitamins A and C, (the vitamin A content is higher than that of carrots)

Dandelion flowers are one of the best sources of lecithin, a nutrient that elevates the brains acetylcholine and may play a role in boosting memory and mental focus. Lecithin is also good for liver problems.

Dandelion root taraxacin, a hepatic stimulant, insulin, as sugar, lacvulin, choline (a basic constituent of lecithin), phytosterols, (which prevent the body from accumulating cholesterol), and potash, (a diuretic).

 

 The dandelion plant is also great source of bone-building nutrients, boron, calcium and silicon

 

Acne and  skin care  Like burdock, dandelion root helps the body dispose of unwanted skin bacteria. It also stimulates digestion and supports the liver – the major organ that helps rid the body of toxins and excess hormones, including the androgens that trigger acne breakouts.

 

Dandelion root contains bitter principles that have a tonic effect on the liver and digestive system. It is also a  natural diuretic that doesn’t rob the body of potassium. This detoxifying, diuretic action also earns dandelion a place in many herbal weight loss formulations. In recent studies, Taraxacum officinalis was shown to have a positive effect on weight management. Dandelion root also contains sugars and starches easily assimilated by diabetics, and can be incorporated into a diet meant to help control blood sugar levels.1

 

 

 

In the Kitchen: Young fresh dandelion leaves can be eaten in spring salads. Dandelion root makes an excellent vegetable coffee, and the flowers can be made into wine

 

Traditional Chinese Medicine  The Chinese dandelion, Chin Hung ,Taraxacum mongolicum, is used by them as a specific for appendicitis,and has been used to treat infections, particularly mastitis.

 

 Ayurvedic Medicine  Dandelion’s main benefits are to the liver, it’s bitter taste makes it effective in conditions of pitta such as eczema and acne. 2

 

Dandelion Side Effects:  Always make sure the dandelion greens you are harvesting have never been sprayed with herbicide. If they have, don’t try washing them, just move on to another patch.

 

How to Use: Dandelion

 

 Preparation Methods & Dosage : All parts of the dandelion are used for food and medicine, the roots are roasted and used in herbal decoctions, the leaves and crowns for salads and cooked greens, the flowers for making dandelion wine, and the juice to cure warts and blisters.

Drink dandelion root tea to eliminate the toxins that cause skin breakouts and acne.

Drink a cup of dandelion tea in the morning to increase regularity. It is a natural diuretic, and gentle laxative that doesn’t rob the body of potassium.

Dandelion flowers are a feline safe pain reliever. (cats cannot tolerate aspirin) Drop a generous handful in near-boiling water. When the water has darkened, it can be cooled and administered with a dropper.

Squeeze the juice of a dandelion flower stem and apply the milky juice to a wart and leave it to dry on. Repeat as necessarily until wart falls off.

 

Benefits and Uses of Ginger Root

 

 Ginger may be one of the most important plants used in herbal medicine, it is certainly one of the most used. The cultivation of this plant extends so far back in human history that specific origins are hard to trace, however, ginger is mentioned in the eldest medical texts from both India and China. Ginger is one of the most prescribed herbs in TCM, Sheng-jiang (fresh ginger) is used in the treatment of colds for it’s ability to eliminate toxins and raise body heat. 107

 

 Ginger is also a blood thinner, which which may help reduce angina episodes by lowering cholesterol. White, 560 The increase in blood flow helps relieve abdominal cramps and open the pelvis to bring on menstruation. Gladstar 36

 

 Ginger can be used safely to treat a wide range of health problems, from simple  nausea 18 to arthritis. 17 The aspect I most appreciate about ginger is what a good supporting player it is in herbal formulas. Ginger combines well with many herbs, improving taste and potency. Ginger speeds up the delivery of healthy plant chemicals into the bloodstream. Make the firm, smooth skinned roots of fresh ginger root a household staple, and keep plenty of ginger on hand for both herbal medicine and healthy cooking. Drink ginger tea as a delicious daily tonic to enjoy its many benefits on your health and well being.

 

Traditional Chinese Medicine

 

The Chinese names for ginger Gan-jiang dried ginger, and Sheg-jiang, fresh ginger, mean to defend, suggesting that ginger helps protect the body from cold. Pulverized fresh ginger applied as a poultice to the head two to three times a day was once used as a (Chinese) folk treatment for baldness, and fresh ginger rubbed on the affected area is a folk remedy for vitiligo. The juice squeezed from the fresh root has also been used in the treatment of burns. In modern China ginger is probably used in half of all Chinese herbal prescriptions. Chinese healers believe than even moderate amounts of ginger tea strengthen the lungs and the kidneys.

 

 

 Ayurvedic Medicine  Ginger is an important part of Ayurvedic medicine and cooking, and may have originated in tropical Indian.

 

Ginger Side Effects:  Ginger is a blood thinner, if you are taking prescription blood thinners, have a bleeding disorder, or have gallbladder disease don’t take medicinal doses of ginger. Pregnant women should be cautious in their use of ginger, it can stimulate the uterus.

 

How to Use: Ginger

 

 Preparation Methods & Dosage :The fresh grated ginger root, readily available at most food stores, is a great addition to herbal teas, adding a spicy, hot zest to your favorite dishes. The essential oil is marvelous in massage blends and aroma lamps. Ginger combines well with turmeric, which is also anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving.

 

Benefits and Uses of Rosemary

 

Rosemary is such an extremely useful herb, with so many culinary, medicinal and aromatherapy attributes that it is hard to qualify which ones are the most important. Rosemary stimulates the central nervous system and circulation making it beneficial for low blood pressure and sluggishness. Rosemary oil and rosemary essential oil are used to alleviate the pain of sprains, arthritis, sciatica and neuralgia. Rosemary extract (rosmarinic acid) is a natural way to stabilize and extend the shelf life of hand made cosmetics, creams, lotions, and other herbal compounds. Use rosemary in skin care to tone and soften skin.

 

Rosemary for memory, concentration and focus.  Rosemary has a long herbal tradition as a herb that improves concentration and memory, Greek students would braid Rosemary into their hair to help them with their exams. Modern science attributes much of rosemary’s action on the central nervous system to it’s potent antioxidant, rosmarinic acid. However, you don’t have to take their word for it, the uplifting aroma of a fresh sprig of rosemary in the summer will go far to convince you.

 

Rosemary for Hair Care. Rosemary is one of best hair tonics available, whether you are worried about hair loss, or just want healthy, happy hair, rosemary extracts used in shampoos and herbal hair rinses will work wonders. A few drops of the essential oil can be applied directly to the scalp or hairbrush to restore dry, flyaway hair and make it shine. Rosemary essential oil stimulates hair follicles and circulation in the scalp, which may help prevent premature baldness. Use rosemary on a continuing basis for a healthy scalp that encourages healthy hair growth and slows  hair loss. Hoffman 177

 

Rosemary for pain relief and circulation. Rosemary infused oil and rosemary essential oil are both used in massage oil formulations to relieve the pain of arthritis and of sore aching muscles. Rosemary used as a massage oil also helps to tone the circulatory system. Antioxidant compounds in rosemary prevent uterine spasms and menstrual cramps. Rosemary essential oil helps alleviate water retention and increases circulation when used in massage blends.

 

Culinary Uses of rosemary. Unlike milder herbs, rosemary can withstand longer cooking times, and lends itself well to roasted meats, chicken and hearty stews. A few teaspoons of chopped rosemary lends a tangy taste to biscuits as well. Rosemary vinegars are an excellent and healthy way to dress cold vegetables and salads. Even the twigs, stripped of their leaves find use as kindling, and as a aromatic addition to barbeque fires.

 

 

Annie’s Aromatherapy Rosemary Essential Oil Profile  Rosemary has a camphorous, piny aroma that lifts your mood and clears ‘brain fog’. Rosemary oil is one of the top essential oils to combat mental fatigue, and keeps you alert during long hours of study or work, increasing concentration and memory… Learn More

 

Rosemary Side Effects:  Do not use in excessive dosage. Avoid in cases of epilepsy.

 

How to Use: Rosemary

 

 Preparation Methods & Dosage :I use this amazing herb in some form almost every day. A few drops of rosemary essential oil on my hairbrush, rosemary vinegar on my salad, rosemary infused oil to massage my sore shoulders after digging in the garden – the fresh, uplifting scent of rosemary is a constant friend. Early in the day, before the hot afternoon sun releases the resin volatile oil from the leaves, you may want to pinch some fresh sprigs and make some rosemary vinegar for your salad. Chop some up and add to biscuits, quick breads, or roast chicken. Make sure to pick enough to make a strong rosemary tea for a hair rinse, or to start another batch of rosemary infused oil. Use rosemary oil in cooking, or as a massage oil to soothe aches and pains.

 

 

Benefits and Uses of Pomegranate

 

The source of the many health benefits of pomegranates is found inside the juicy arils, in a small white seed that contains punicic acid. The punicic acid found in pomegranates is an especially powerful form of CLA, which has been shown to be beneficial in the fight against cancer, obesity, diabetes and heart disease. 116 There seems to be no downside other than cost in adding pomegranate juice to your daily diet.

 

With all the healthy benefits of pomegranates, it is no wonder that health food marketers have gotten in trouble with the FDA for making some rather extravagant claims about the benefits of pomegranate products. 117 In addition to being very pricey, these products also contain added sugar, and other “natural flavors”, and so are not pure, 100% pomegranate juice. Still, with all the FDA needs to be concerning themselves with, you would think the consumption of a healthy fruit drink would be at the bottom of the list of things to protect the public from.

 

 Pomegranate seed oil is a valued ingredient in skin care oils, and is especially good for dry, devitalized skin. Pomegranate oil aids in moisturizing skin, preventing and reducing the appearance of wrinkles. Those with skin conditions including dry skin, eczema, psoriasis will benefit from using pomegranate oil. Using pomegranate oil for skin may well have extended benefits beyond it’s moisturizing and anti-aging properties. The tannin in the oil can also help decrease the chances of skin cancer according to some sources. 118

 

 

In the Kitchen: Pomegranate seeds can be juiced, or eaten fresh. The pips also make a colorful garnish. Pomegranate seed are also made into a cordial, grenadine, which is used for cocktails, and a flavoring for sorbets and desserts. Seeds are boiled to make a pomegranate syrup, popular in Iran and the Middle East.

 

Pomegranate Side Effects:  Pomegranate root bark is used to treat intestinal parasites, and is very effective against tapeworm. The alkaloids in the bark, known as pelletierines, paralyze the tapeworms, loosing their grip on the intestinal wall so are easily expelled. Pomegranate bark extracts are subject to legal restrictions, and are very toxic. Do not use these extracts for self-treatment.

How to Use: Pomegranate

 

 Preparation Methods & Dosage :You can juice pomegranate seeds (use only the seeds, not the whole fruit), if you live in an area where they are abundant like the California coast. Pomegranate seed oil is also available as a cosmetic and medicinal oil. Pomegranate oil can be used alone, but I like to stretch this rather pricey oil by combining it with other skin care oils like almond oil.  Herbal Remedies Featuring Pomegranate

Aloe Lip Gloss  *

Astringent oil acne treatment  *

A – Z Remedy Index

 

 

 Herbal Products featuring Pomegranate

Certified Organic Pomegranate Seed Oil

 A luxurious and deeply penetrating oil from the cold pressed organic seeds of Pomegranate fruit. This highly prized oil which is naturally high in flavonoids and punicic acid is remarkable for the skin and has numerous dietary benefits as well 1025

 See Details for Pomegranate Seed Oil at Mountain Rose

 

Certified Organic Para Shield Capsules

 This formula supports a healthy intestinal environment and supports the GI tract by promoting healthy intestinal flora 1026

 See Details for Para Shield Capsules at Mountain Rose

 

Black Walnut Fresh Green Hulls (Juglans nigra), organic Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), organic Sweet Wormwood herb (Artemisia Annua), Pomegranate Seed (Punica granatum), organic Gentian Root (Gentiana lutea), Coptis Rhizome (Coptis chinensis), and more

 

 

 

Plant Description

 

 Punica granatum 1885

Plant Class: Small tree or shrub

Etymology: From the Latin Latin pomum – apple, and granatus -seeded.

Flowers/Fruit/Seeds:Round, red fruits, with a bitter pith with contains apx 600 seeds that are surrounded by juicy pips -the aril � ranging in color from white to deep red or purple.

Parts used: Fruits, seeds, bark

Leaves:Opposite, glossy leaves

Flowering Season:

Distribution: Native to Persia and the Himalayas in Northern India. It has been cultivated in the Caucasus since ancient times, the drier parts of southeast Asia, the Mediterranean region of Southern Europe, and tropical Africa. Introduced into Latin America and California by Spanish settlers in 1769, pomegranate is now cultivated in parts of California and Arizona

 

Regional Traditions :Middle East *

How to Grow Pomegranate

 

 Pomegranate trees grow best in the southern states and west coast (zones 7-10) where there is a long growing season and plenty of sun. Drought resistant and fast growing trees are self pollinating so a single tree can bear fruit. Can be grown in a container and brought in for the winter in the north.

 

History and Traditions & Folklore

 Pomegranates are an ancient food and medicine, P. granatum was first mentioned as a cure for tapeworms in the Egyptian Ebers papyri (c. 1500 BC). The Chinese recorded its use as a medicinal herb around 470 A.D.. 1  Pomegranates are an ancient symbol of fertility and were one of the sacred plants of Hera/Juno, the Greek goddess of marriage, wife of Zeus. The fruit was eaten by childless women in hopes of conceiving a child.

 

Benefits and Uses of Ginseng Root

 

Ginseng is one the best known and widely prescribed herbs in Chinese medicine as a general adaptogenic and restorative tonic. Adaptogenic herbs such as ginseng are especially useful in debilitated persons suffering from exhaustion, fatigue, liver disease, stress and wasting from chronic disease. Unfortunately, the fame of ginseng has led to misconceptions about its use and to low grade or adulterated products being sold as ginseng in the West.

 

Panax, the generic name is derived from the Greek Panakos (a panacea), in reference to the miraculous virtue ascribed to it by the Chinese, who consider it a sovereign remedy in almost all diseases. The word Ginseng is said to mean wonder of the world,however, it is not universally applicable in every illness. It should not be taken during acute inflammatory disease or bronchitis since it can drive the disease deeper and make it worse. Moreover, in China, ginseng is rarely used on its own, but is usually combined with other herbs, such as licorice or Chinese dates, which temper its powerful nature. 2

 

See Also :Eleuthero ginseng Root *Ginseng, American *Rhodiola  *Spikenard *Suma Root *

 

Traditional Chinese Medicine  Ginseng is a heat raising tonic for the blood and circulatory systems

 

Ginseng Side Effects:  Do not use during pregnancy. Consult with a health professional before self treating if you have high blood pressure.

How to Use: Ginseng

 

 Preparation Methods & Dosage : Ginseng is often taken for a month at a time, alternating with a two week rest period. 76.Ginseng powder can be taken in teas, added to other soft drinks, or even used in cooking soups. Ginseng roots are also used as extracts, and in capsule supplements.  Herbal Remedies Featuring Ginseng root

Fire Starter  *

Hot Flashes Tea  *

Memory and Focus Tea  *

Morning Circulation Tonic  *

Panax Ginseng root tea  *

Red and gold – Rooibos and ginseng  *

Reishi and Ginseng Morning Energy  *

Rosehips and ginger tonic  *

Rosemary -Ginseng cold tea  *

Schisandra – Hawthorn Heart Tonic  *

Wild oats aphrodisiac tea  *

A – Z Remedy Indeч

 

 Herbal Products featuring Ginseng root

Certified Organic Ginseng Root, Red Whole

 le Panax ginseng Origin- China (From 2-3 year old roots) 1176

 See Details for Ginseng Root, Red Whole at Mountain Rose

 

Certified Organic Male Care extract

 Especially formulated for men with herbs commonly used to help enhance libido, improve energy, increase endurance and maintain men’s general health. 1115

 See Details for Male Care extract at Mountain Rose

 

Contains: Organic and Wildharvested Ginseng, Catuaba, Epimedium, Damiana, Muira Puama, Saw Palmetto and Organic Grain Alcohol.

 

Certified Organic Energy Vitality Capsules

 Lifts normal fatigue and promotes adaptation to stress while supporting the body’s natural stamina. Each capsule contains the equivalent of 1800 mg. crude herb. 60 capsules per bottle 1037

 See Details for Energy Vitality Capsules at Mountain Rose

 

Contains Organic: Organic Green Tea, Eleuthero Root, Schisandra Berry, Korean Ginseng Root, Cola Nut, Ginkgo biloba, Glycyrrhiza, Nettle Seed, Prickly Ash Bark

Plant Description

Grades of ginseng. Not all ginseng is created equal. Wild ginseng, like many other herbs is preferred over cultivated varieties. Cultivated ginseng comes in two varieties, white and red. The red is cured by steaming which gives it its colour and reputedly a warmer nature than the white. Most Korean ginseng is of the red variety and is stronger or more yang iature than that from China. 2

 

Regional Traditions :North America * Traditional Chinese Medicine *

How to Grow Ginseng

 

 Ginseng is not harvested until the fourth year, a mature ginseng plant is 10 to 20 inches high. The cylindrical, long root has prominent wrinkles and is forked ant both the bottom and sides, creating the “man root” shape. Ginseng is a challenging plant to grow, and not for the impatient gardener.

 

Related Species

American ginseng, Panax quinquefolium American ginseng is a smaller version of its more famous Asian cousin.

Siberian ginseng Eleutherococcus senticosus is not a ginseng at all. It is another adaptogen, but a different species altogether.

 

History and Traditions & Folklore

 Ginsengs uses are legendary, and its lore springs from ancient times in China, as well as Native American folklore in North America.  The roots are called, by the natives of China, Jin-chen, meaning ‘like a man’, in reference to their resemblance to the human form. The American Indiaame for ginseng, garantoquen, has the same meaning.

Benefits and Uses of Hemp Oil

Hemp, (Cannabis sativa), seed is a highly nutritious food, and contains anti-oxidants, protein, carotene, phytosterols, phospholipids, as well as a number of minerals including calcium, magnesium, sulfur, potassium, iron, zinc, and phosphorus. It is a source of complete protein and contains all twenty know amino acids, including the nine essential amino acids. It also contains Vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, C, D, and E. The green color in hemp seed oil is a result of the high level of chlorophyll which is naturally present in the seeds.

 Hemp seed oil is a luxurious skin treatment

 

Perhaps the most valued property of (Cannabis sativa) is its percentage of essential fatty acids, which is higher than any other plant in the world. It contains both Omega-6 and Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acids, in a proportion of 3:1. This proportion is the recommended balance of Omega-6 to Omega-3 acids, making it a simple perfect way to complete your diet. Essential fatty acids are necessary for our health, and are responsible for the luster in our skin, hair, eyes, transferring oxygen to the every cell in our body, and even the clarity in our thought processes. Hemp seeds are comparable to sunflower seeds, and may be used for food and milk, tea, and for baking, like sesame seeds.

Although Cannabis sativa is illegal in the United States because of the dried leaves intoxicating properties, marijuana C. sativa subsp. indica has been found to have considerable medicinal value. Among its various uses, it is an antibiotic for gram-positive bacteria, relieves nausea induced by chemotherapy and has been used to treat glaucoma.

Hemp/Cannabis Side Effects:  None for external use. The psychotropic effects of cannabis are well documented, as with any herb overuse can lead to multiple problems.

How to Use: Hemp/Cannabis

 Preparation Methods & Dosage :Smoke dried Cannabis sativa)leaves, resin, edible seeds. Hemp fiber clothing and products.

An exceptionally rich, green oil, hemp seed oil is used widely in skin care for it’s regenerative ingredients. Common uses include bodycare creams, lotions, facial or body oils, massage oils, shampoo, conditioner, shaving products, lip balm, and soaps. In hair care products, hemp seed oil increases elasticity, manageability, and shine.  Herbal Remedies Featuring Hemp Oil

Cannabis Butter/Oil – Medical marijuana  *

Cannabis Tincture – Medical marijuana  *

Cilantro Pesto  *

Hemp Seed Oil  *

Super Green Power Shake  *

A – Z Remedy Index

 Herbal Products featuring Hemp Oil

Certified Organic Hemp Seed Oil

 (Certified Organic) (Cannabis sativa) Exceptionally rich, deep green oil that we recommend as a dietary oil as well as one of the regenerative oils for healing damaged skin. Hemp oils is high is high essential omega fatty acids and proteins, and has a pleasant nutty smell that makes it a pleasure to experience. 752

 See Details for Hemp Seed Oil at Mountain Rose

Plant Description

The following history and description , and the plate is from “American Medical Plants”, by Charles Millspaugh, first published in 1892. Of course Cannabis sativa was not only legal then, but an important medicine official in the U.S.Pharmacopeia. This tall roughish annual, usually grows from 3 to 10 feet high. The distinctive leaves 3-5-7, are coarsely and sharply serrate, attenuate at both ends, dark-green above, pale and downy beneath. A native of the temperate portions of Asia, a plant of ancient cultivation- grows readily in North America, in waste places and cultivated grounds. The true Indian Hemp, i. e., that which contains to the fullest extent the narcotic properties of the herb, grows at altitudes of 6000 feet and over, principally in the Himalayas above Calcutta,and in Thibet. These plants differ iowise botanically from those that grow at lower levels, but medically the variation is wide. In general practice the drug is used wherever an anodyne, hypnotic, or antispasmodic is judged necessary..

Regional Traditions :Middle East *

History and Traditions & Folklore

 The famous heretical sect of Mohammedans, who, by murderous attacks upon the Crusaders, struck their hearts with terror, derived their name Hashashin from the drug, and from that our word assassin in derived.

 

Benefits and Uses of Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo improves the flow of oxygen to the brain

 

 The use of the ginkgo leaf is recent, and has been studied for its cardiovascular benefits. Today ginkgo biloba is one of the most commonly prescribed herbs and is a great example of a tonic herb – one that balances whatever is going on in your system; if you are tired it can energize you, if you are stressed it will relax you.

 

The bilobalides, ginkgolides, flavonoids, and other substances unique to the tree restore better blood flow to all parts of the body but particularly to the brain, allowing improved use of oxygen. Ginkgo’s antioxidant actions also stabilize the structure of brain and nerve cells and protect them from oxidative attacks from free radicals. Research indicates ginkgo action of supporting healthier circulation in the eyes, make it an herb of choice for natural treatment eye health and macular degeneration.

There is an significant body of scientific and clinical evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of ginkgo extract for both cognitive function and improved circulation, said Mark Blumenthal, the founder and executive director of ABC

. Ginkgo’s hallmark effect is increased circulation, which is important in maintaining our energy level and one of the factors in stopping early hair loss. Increasing genital blood flow heightens responsiveness, making for higher libido in both men and women. Good circulation means getting the full benefit from the foods we eat and the vitamins and herbal supplements we take.

Allergies and asthma also improve with ginkgo. The herb contains a dozen different anti-inflammatory chemicals and seveatural antihistamines. 1

Traditional Chinese Medicine  The earliest know reference to ginkgo is in the Chinese Materia Medica, in apx 2,800 B.C and the seeds and root have been used in TCM for thousands of years to combat mental decline.

Ginkgo biloba Side Effects:  Avoid Ginkgo if you are taking MAOI for depression. If you are taking blood thinners, ginkgo enhances the effect so talk to your doctor.

How to Use: Ginkgo biloba

 Preparation Methods & Dosage :Ginkgo can be taken in tincture, teas,and capsules. Make ginkgo tea as an infusion.  Herbal Remedies Featuring Ginkgo biloba

Birch, Ginkgo & Red clover tea  *

Broom Ginger Ginkgo Vein Tonic  *

Ginkgo biloba tea  *

A – Z Remedy Index

 Herbal Products featuring Ginkgo biloba

Certified Organic Memory Zest Tea

 A mentally refreshing and good tasting infusion beverage, to help give you feelings of clarity and precision. 909

 See Details for Memory Zest Tea at Mountain Rose

 Contains: Organic Contains All Organic: Gingko leaf,Gotu Kola leaf, Peppermint, Red Clover, Rosemary, Ginger root and a pinch of organic Stevia.

Certified Organic Ginkgo extract

 (Centella asiatica) Extracted from: Fresh herb Ratio- 1:2 396

 See Details for Ginkgo extract at Mountain Rose

Certified Organic Ginkgo Leaf

 Ginkgo biloba Origin-USA Certified Organic cut and sifted leaf or powder 155

 See

Certified Organic Memory Care extract

 A invigorating tonic for the brain, formulated with herbs traditionally used to assist with increasing the oxygen supply to the head, to help improve memory, increase alertness and energy and assist with mental fatigue. Very helpful for students! *Do not use if you are taking blood thinning medications. 1114

 See Details for Memory Care extract at Mountain Rose

Contains: Organic and Wildharvested Ginkgo, Gotu Kola, Rosemary and Organic Grain Alcohol.

Certified Organic Ginkgo leaf capsules

 (Ginkgo biloba) 400mg/100 capsules 717

 See Details for Ginkgo leaf capsules at Mountain Rose

Certified Organic Blossoms of Health Tea

 Beautiful to look at, deliciously tasty and, it’s good for you. A spirited, uplifting and energizing infusion blend. 898

 See Details for Blossoms of Health Tea at Mountain Rose

 Contains: All Organic: Ginkgo leaf, Red Clover leaf and flower, Nettle leaf, Meadowsweet, Calendula flower, Chamomile flower, Lavender flower, Gotu Kola leaf, and a pinch of Stevia.

Certified Organic Circulation Care extract

 Formulated with herbs traditionally used to increase the body’s circulation by sending warmth to the extremities. 836

 See Details for Circulation Care extract at Mountain Rose

Contains: Organic and Wildharvested Garlic, Cinnamon, Gingko, Eleuthero, Prickly Ash, Cayenne, Rosemary and Organic Grain Alcohol.

Plant Description

 The oldest tree species in the world, dating from the time of the dinosaurs, Ginkgo biloba (bi-loba, two sided leaf) is the last remaining species of the Ginkgoales order. Fossil records show the species was once widespread in Asia and North America, and it is speculated that it was saved from extinction by monks in the far east who cultivated it secretly as a sacred tree. Each tree can live for more than a thousand years, immune to bugs, disease and pollution. The tree grows to 100 feet tall and has fan-like leaves and yellow-green fetid smelling fruits. If you are lucky enough to have access to a mature tree, take advantage of the fresh leaves, which contain the broadest spectrum of medicinal properties.

 

Benefits and Uses of Coconut Oil

 

 Coconut oil works wonders for dry and damaged skin, cuts, bruises, and speeds the healing while it fights infection. Coconut oil forms a protective barrier to hold in moisture while penetrating into the deeper layers of the skin to helping to keep connective tissues strong and supple. Coconut oil is readily absorbed into the skin, helping to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It aids in exfoliating the outer layer of dead skin cells, making the skin smoother. Coconut oil is used to treat dry and damaged hair and is a lathering ingredient for natural shampoos and soaps.

Coconut oil can be used to fry foods, make a healthier mayonnaise, or used in baked goods. When you make pastries, substitute 50% coconut oil for whatever fat is recommended. There is no mistaking the wonderful benefits of coconut oil, however there is some controversy on how coconut oil effects a heart healthy diet. 40

There are numerous claims that adding coconut oil to your diet increases energy, balances hormones, and stimulates the thyroid gland. The cholesterol-lowering properties of coconut oil are linked directly to this ability to stimulate thyroid function. Coconut oil raises your metabolic rate, helping to release energy and promote weight loss. Researchers believe that coconut oil is different from other saturated fats because it is composed of medium-chain fatty acids. 39 Try coconut oil for yourself, with an open mind, to see what effects it has for you.

 

In the Kitchen: Coconut can be used in baking, and in frying foods. Coconut water and coconut milk can be taken as beverages

 Ayurvedic Medicine  Ayurvedic medicine has recognized the healing properties of coconut for over 4,000 years. Coconut oil, coconut milk, coconut water, and the pulp are used to treat a variety of health problems and nourish the body.

Coconut Side Effects:  None noted.

 

 Preparation Methods & Dosage :Coconut oil is used in food preparation or taken as a diet supplement, in tablespoon full doses. Coconut oil is used to treat dry and damaged hair and as a lathering ingredient for natural shampoos and soaps. Solid at room temperature, coconut oil can be used as the solid oil portion in many home remedies.  Herbal Remedies Featuring Coconut oil

 Coconut Oil Hair Conditioner  *

Aloe Lip Gloss  *

Cayene and Coconut Oil Salve  *

Coconut and Vitamin E Skin treatment  *

Coconut Oil & Fruit Tropical Smoothie  *

Coconut Oil Facial  *

Comfrey Salve with coconut oil  *

A – Z Remedy Index

 Herbal Products featuring Coconut oil

Certified Organic Castile Soap

 Enjoy the cleaning power of pure liquid castile soap, made from certified organic ingredients. A truly luxuriant, extra mild and gentle liquid soap that suds beautifully, without leaving a residue . 988

 See Details fo

Contains: Water, Saponified Organic Coconut, Sunflower and Castor oils, Citric Acid, and Rosemary extract

Certified Organic Coconut Oil (Virgin Unrefined)

 (Cocos nucifera) Rich, creamy coconut oil with a deep, intoxicating scent of pure coconut that greets you when you open the jar and stays with your when you apply the oil to your skin. 100% virgin cold pressed and unrefined, use for all manner of skin care applications and is more suitable for food use than the refined oil because of its cold pressed method of production, limited filtering, nutritional value, and its higher fatty acid content. 772

 See Details for Coconut Oil (Virgin Unrefined) at Mountain Rose

Certified Organic Coconut Oil, refined

 (Certified Organic) (Cocos nucifera) This is a great oil for general moisturizing and serves as a protective layer, helping to retain the moisture in your skin. It also acts as a mild oil suitable for those with inflamed and irritated skin, and those with skin sensitivities. Good lathering agent for soaps. 667

 See Details for Coconut Oil, refined at Mountain Rose

Certified Organic Aloe Baby Wash

 This mild and pure wash is formulated for babies and anyone else with sensitive skin. The foaming dispenser means you can put the suds right where you want them! Certified Organic by Oregon Tilth 1138

 See Details for Aloe Baby Wash at Mountain Rose saponified organic coconut and organic sunflower oils, organic aloe leaf juice, citric acid (ph balancer), and rosemary flower extract (antioxidant). .

Certified Organic Lip Balm, Vanilla Coconut

From: SInging Dog Vanilla  The exotic flavors of this certified organic lip balm are sure to leave your lips smooth and refreshed. This long lasting balm will take you on a mini vacation to the tropics. . 1152

 See Details for Lip Balm, Vanilla Coconut at Mountain Rose

organic Sunflower oil, organic Beeswax, organic Coconut oil, organic Vanilla flavor, organic Coconut flavor, Vitamin E oil, organic Rosemary extract, and organic Calendula

 

Certified Organic Baby Shampoo

From: Earth Mama Angel BabyDelicate baby hair requires a very gentle shampoo: like this one, with soothing calendula, pure vanilla, and sweet orange. The foaming dispenser means you can apply shampoo directly to baby’s head with less drippiness. Note: Not a no-tear formula, so please use extra care around the eyes! 5.3 oz bottle with foaming pump top. 1141

 See Details for Baby Shampoo at Mountain Rose

 

saponified organic coconut oil, saponified organic olive oil, organic aloe leaf juice, organic vanilla bean extract, organic orange oil, kosher vegetable glycerin, potassium citrate, organic shea butter, organic calendula extract.

 

Certified Organic Foaming Hand Wash

From: Oregon Soap Company  These moisture-rich foaming hand soaps are made with 100% certified organic vegetable oils and are scented with pure plant derived essential oils. The foaming pump dispenses lavish suds that leave hands clean and soft. 1151

 See Details for Foaming Hand Wash at Mountain Rose

 

Saponified organic Coconut, organic Sunflower and/or Safflower, and organic Castor Oil, essential oils, Citric Acid (pH balancer), Rosemary extract

 

 

Plant Description

 

 Koehler’s Medicinal Plants 1887

 Coconut, the only species in the genus Cocos, is a large palm, growing to 30 m tall, with pinnate leaves 4-6 m long, The term coconut refers to the fruit of the coconut palm.

 

Regional Traditions :Tropical islands *

 

History and Traditions & Folklore

 In East Africa, palm kernel oil is considered a health tonic and is the first medicine of choice among the native population regardless of the illness.  Traditional healers hold the coconut in such high regard that the coconut is commonly given the title “Tree of Life” in the Philippines.

New Anti-malarials from Plants

It’s important that we continue to find new antimalarials because the parasite becomes resistant. Two new antimalarials, one from Brazil and one from Senegal, made the herb news this year.

 

 

 

Plants Against Liver Cancer

Despite significant advances in medicine, liver cancer remains a major cause of death in the United States and the rest of the world. As limited treatment options are currently available, novel preventive control and effective therapeutic approaches are needed. Several naturally occurring dietary and non-dietary phytochemicals have shown enormous potential in the prevention and treatment of cancers.

 

 

Hepatoprotective properties of kombucha tea against TBHP-induced oxidative stress via suppression of mitochondria dependent apoptosis.

This popular drink is now being sold in most stores when just a few years ago it could only be found in health food stores.  This article indicates kombucha is beneficial against liver disease. Abstract Kombucha, a fermented tea (KT) is claimed to possess many beneficial properties. Recent studies have suggested that

 

 

KT prevents paracetamol

 

REVISION OF NENSES (ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE)

 

V-1

 

I.   Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1.      We (to discuss) a new film yesterday.

 

2.      Some pictures (to show) to a group of people at the moment.

 

3.      She always (to write) letters to her parents.

 

4.      He (to make) a report at 7 p.m. yesterday.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

V-2

 

I.   Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1.      They (to publish) an interesting article in this journal some months ago.

 

2.      I (to translate) the article when somebody knocked at the door.

 

3.      These sentences (to translate) at the lesson tomorrow.

 

4.      The letter (to type) at the moment.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

 

V-3

 

I.   Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1. The article usually (to translate) by them without dictionary.

 

2. These questions (to discuss) at the meeting now.

 

3. The manager (to answer) your questions next Monday.

 

4.  My mother (to cook) dinner when I came.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

 

V-4

 

I. Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1.      A new rule (to explain) at the lesson tomorrow.

 

2.      Don’t enter the classroom. A student (to examine) there.

 

3.      My father (to repair) the TV-set now.

 

4.      The students (to make) a lot of mistakes in their last dictation.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

 

V-5

 

I.  Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1.      My mother (to clean) the room some hours ago.

 

2.      A good film (to show) us when the teacher came into the room.

 

3.      Mother always (to help) by Mary.

 

4.      The professor (to examine) my friend now.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

V-6

 

I.  Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1.      They (to speak) English in Great Britain.

 

2.      The cup (to break) by my son.

 

3.      The article (to copy) by the students now.

 

4.      They (to build) these houses when I arrived.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

 

V-7

 

I.     Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1.      The patient (to examine) by the doctor from 10 to 11 yesterday.

 

2.      The teacher (to explain) the rule next week.

 

3.      You father (to read) the newspaper at the moment.

 

4.      These doctors always (to use) new methods of treatment.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

 

V-8

 

I.  Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1.      This document (to sign) tomorrow.

 

2.      Your friend (to ask) by the teacher when the bell rang.

 

3.      We (to discuss) these questions at the last meeting.

 

4.      She (to water) the flowers now.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

V-9

 

I.  Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1.    We (to discuss) a new film when the teacher came.

 

2.       Some pictures (to show) to a group of people yesterday.

 

3.       She always (to write) letters to her parents.

 

4.      He (to make) a report at the moment.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

 

V-10

 

I.  Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1. The article (to translate) by them without dictionary at 5 p.m. yesterday.

 

2. These questions usually (to discuss) at the meeting.

 

3. The manager (to answer) your questions last month.

 

  4.  My mother (to cook) dinner now.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

 

V-11

 

I.   Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1.  A new rule (to explain) at the last English lesson.

 

2.      Don’t enter the classroom. The teacher (to examine) the students there.

 

3.      The TV-set (to repair) by my father now.

 

4.      The students usually (to make) a lot of mistakes in their dictation.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

 

V-12

 

I.  Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1.      My mother (to clean) the room some hours ago.

 

2.      A good film (to show) us in three weeks.

 

3.      Mother (to help) by Mary at the moment.

 

4.      The professor (to examine) my friend when we came into the classroom.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

 

V-13

 

I.  Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1.      English (to speak) in Great Britain.

 

2.      The cup (to break) by my son when he was having tea.

 

3.      The article (to copy) by the students from 10 to 10 a.m. yesterday.

 

4.      They (to build) these houses at present.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

 

V-14

 

I.  Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1.      The patient (to examine) by the doctor at the moment.

 

2.      The teacher always (to explain) the rule clearly.

 

3.      Your father (to read) the newspaper from 10 to 11 yesterday.

 

4.      New methods of treatment (to use) by these doctors next week.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

 

 

V-15

 

I.  Rewrite the sentences and use the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

 

1.       This document (to sign) at the last meeting.

 

2.      Your friend (to ask) by the teacher now.

 

3.      We (to discuss) these questions tomorrow.

 

4.      She (to water) the flowers when the bell rang.

 

II.  Transform the verb in these sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice or vice versa. 

 

 

Literature:

1. Адамчик М.В. Великий англо-український словник. – Київ, 2007.

2. Англійська мова за професійним спрямуванням: Медицина: навч. посіб. для студ. вищ. навч. закл. IV рівня акредитації / І. А. Прокоп, В. Я. Рахлецька, Г. Я. Павлишин ; Терноп. держ. мед. ун-т ім. І. Я. Горбачевського. –  Тернопіль: ТДМУ : Укрмедкнига, 2010. – 576 с.

3. Балла М.І., Подвезько М.Л. Англо-український словник. – Київ: Освіта, 2006. – Т. 1,2.

4. Hansen J. T. Netter’s Anatomy Coloring Book. – Saunders Elsevier, 2010. – 121 p.

5. Henderson B., Dorsey J. L. Medical Terminology for Dummies. – Willey Publishing, 2009. – P. 189-211.