Development of temporary and permanent teeth. Factors affecting the formation and mineralization of hard tissues.
Dental status
Concept dental status represents an age-old category of patient state of hard fabrics of tooth and parodontium, mucus shell of cavity of mouth and red framing of lips, type of bite and hygienical state. In addition, in a concept dental status if necessary is included by information about a presence in the cavity of mouth of factors of risk of development of dental pathology, anomalies, deformations and congenital defects, tracks of traumas or surgical interferences on organs or fabrics of mouth, prosthetic appliances.
Recommendations are on the hygienical care of cavity of mouth of children
Parents must begin the hygienical care of cavity of mouth of child from the moment of eruption of the first temporal tooth (in age 5-6 months).
This procedure needs to be executed 1 time per a day (in the evening before sleep). For the removal of dental deposit from every surface of tooth the special very soft tooth brush is recommended, what dressed on a finger. From gums to the cutting edge clear the teeth of child circular motions without application of tooth-paste.
To the moment of eruption for a child 8th teeth (as a rule, to one year) it is necessary to clear teeth parents already twice in a day (in the morning and in the evening) by soft child’s tooth brush (length of working part must not exceed 1,5 mm), also without application of some tooth-paste. Thus the special attentioeeds to be spared teeth which are in the stage of eruption the masticatory surfaces of which did not yet attain the level of occlusal plane.
Teeth it is recommended to purge thus:
1. To clear vestibular surfaces at serried jaws, here to set a tooth brush horizontally, athwart to the surface of teeth, carrying out only vertical motions in direction from gums to the cutting edge of teeth: on an overhead jaw – from top to bottom, on lower – from below to upwards .
To clear oral surfaces circular motions, here in the area of frontal teeth on an overhead and lower jaw to set a brush apeak.
It follows to delete a raid from the masticatory surfaces of teeth motions ahead-back.
It is recommended to use this technique in the period of eruption of all temporal teeth (to 2-2,5), when cleaning of teeth must become for a child by obligatory part of morning and evening rest room.
In 2-2,5 parents must clean teeth children by soft child’s brush twice on a day (in the morning – to breakfast and in the evening – before sleep) and to use child’s gel tooth-paste.
From this age of cleaning of teeth it is expedient to carry out a next method.
Every jaw de bene esse is divided by 3 segments, two lateral and one frontal. Cleaning of teeth needs to be begun with an area in the area of right overhead masticatory teeth.
At cleaning of vestibular and oral surfaces of molars working part of tooth brush is disposed under the corner of 45° to the surface of tooth and clearing conduct motions from gums to the cutting edge, simultaneously deleting a raid from teeth and gums.
Masticatory surfaces clear horizontal (back – forward) motions so that the fibres of brush penetrated in fissures and interdentally intervals.
Farther pass to the frontal segment, where at cleaning of vestibular surfaces of teeth of cleaning technician repeats oneself.
At cleaning of oral surfaces the handle of tooth brush is disposed athwart to the occlusal plane of teeth, here fibres are disposed under an acute angle to the teeth and take not only teeth but also gums.
After cleaning of frontal teeth pass to the area in the area of overhead left masticatory teeth, where a cleaning technique must be the same, as at cleaning of right overhead segment.
In the same order purge teeth on the lower jaw of child
.
Clearing motions in the area of every surface of tooth parents must repeat not less 10 times.
In all age-old periods absence of visible deposit must control of the correct cleaning serve on the teeth of child.
A hygiene of cavity of mouth is at presence of orthodontics constructions
1. Use of pastes which contain a fluorine, calcium – phosphorus gels.
2. Use of the special brushes (as «Ortho») of teeth of middle inflexibility.
3. Antiseptic rinses of cavity of mouth (mineral water with gas, solutions
of chlorgexidine ).
4. To pasture with amtiinflammation properties and remineralization action.
5. Dental elixirs.
6. Interdentally facilities: floss, brushes are ruffs, irrigators.
7. Cleaning method: horizontal motions along an arc, behind to the center
a central area is vertical motion to the cutting edge.
A hygiene of cavity of mouth is at the diseases of mucus shell
The hygiene of cavity of mouth at the diseases of mucous membrane depends on the clinical display of disease and period of motion.
Hygienical examination provides for:
– a care is of teeth
– antibacterial treatment by rinses, balsams, decoctions, tinctures and other
– brushes of teeth: type of «sensitive», inflexibility – soft, cleaning method: Charter’s.
– to pasture: vegetable, those which contain protizapal’n³ additions.
7.Professional hygiene of cavity of mouth:
Conduct first in 1 month after raising of permanent prosthetic appliance, and then – each 3 months, at the good level of hygiene – 1 time per 6 months. At every visits the hygienical determine and paradontal indexes, depth of pocket, composition of gingival liquid, microbial flora, conduct roentgenologic research.
A hygiene of cavity of mouth is at the diseases of paradontium
1. Brushes of teeth of middle inflexibility, and in the sharp period of soft.
2. A method of cleaning of teeth is on Bass.
3. To pasture with antiinflammation properties, extracts of medicinal herbages, enzymes.
4. Dental elixirs.
5. Interdentally facilities: floss, brushes are ruffs, irrigators.
Prophylaxis of diseases of paradontium
Foresees the use of interdentally facilities of hygiene, namely: floss, interdentally ruffs, interdentally brushes, chewing-gums.
The articles of hygiene of interdentally intervals of cavity of mouth are, presumably, most ancient in the arsenal of hygienical facilities.
Floss (dental floss) is a filament for cleaning of interdentally intervals. It is a widespread and effective mechanical mean of interdentally hygiene. Usually floss consists at least of one fibre which is subject extraction at its making for the increase of durability on a break and it is covered the layer of material which promotes the coefficient of friction.
A ribbon (tape) is more wide filament which practically by nothing on the composition differs from floss, however on the average in 3-4 times wider floss and also intended for cleaning of interdentally intervals, however intended a ribbon anymore is for persons with diastema and also for beginners, on condition that their interdentally intervals have middle density.
There are a few varieties of dental filaments which differ a structure and composition:
1) impregnated with by a paraffin or beeswax with a fluorine (waxed)
A president of floss is a mint with a fluorine
2) without a beeswax (unwaxed)
3) with a weak waxen impregnation
4) with a beeswax and mentol impregnation (mint waxed) and etc
In this time more frequent produce packing of floss with different length: 18, 25, 30 and 50 meters. A small plastic container is comfortable in circulation, unnoticeable in a pocket, and a few tens of meters of filament are placed in him, so that a patient can always mother of her near at hand, that in a necessary moment to clean interdentally intervals.
Dental filaments or floss is the filaments of different structure, intended for cleaning of interdentally intervals. Filaments are irreplaceable at narrow difficult of accessinterdentally intervals, crowded teeth, diseases of paradontium, presence of unremovable orthopaedic and orthodontics constructions in the cavity of mouth, implants, to the presence of the proximal stopping. After raising of such stopping, especially from materials of compositions, a doctor is under an obligation to teach a patient the use offloss, as a polish of proximal surfaces of stopping is heavy enough and rarely can provide the assured smoothness and absence of retention points for the accumulation of dental deposits. The use of interdentally filaments is recommended all, as a structure of tooth brush does not allow her in a sufficient degree to get to the interdentally intervals.
Dental filaments can be subdivided into groups:
1. On a form the transversal crossing:
– round
– flat (modification of flat filaments are the so-called interdentally ribbons);
2. On a thickness;
3. On treatment of surface:
– waxed
– not waxed
4. On the presence of impregnation:
· without special saturation
· saturated with medical – prophylactic matters (by connections of fluorine, by a propolis);
5. On setting:
· for the individual use
· for the use in the conditions of dental cabinet.
In addition, the special dental filaments, different in a form from traditional, are developed (for example, to the superfloss company ORAL-B).
Flat filaments and ribbons easier get to the m³zhzubn³ intervals and engulf the large surface of tooth.
The thickness of common filament depends on its setting and expressed of interdentally intervals. The size of filament (thickness and length) is specified on packing.
Waxed filaments own higher sliding ability, easily penetrate through contact contacts in interdentally intervals, more proof to the break, more simple in the use, however them clearing properties considerably yield such not waxed. Waxed filaments are shown at dense interdentally contacts, to plenty of contact restorations and for patients which do not own the technique of the use of filaments in a sufficient degree. Not waxed filaments, have a greater contact with the surface of tooth, fibre effectively take away on itself a raid. In addition, at the use of not waxed filament a man can define cleaning quality on the characteristic creak of filament at the clean enamel of tooth.
Introduction of connections (filament of Dental of tape, Vivadent) of fluorines adds filaments some anticarious properties.
Filaments for the individual use have the different packing, comfortable for winding off and cutting off of filament (fig. 66). The dental floss have large general length and packed in a device, which eliminates contamination of the unused filament which is inwardly
Dentist can apply such filament at putting on of rubber dam (for verification of communicating of interdentally intervals, tying around of arc of clasper), at the delete of dental deposits, studies of patient to the use of floss. Quite often such dental filament with the polishing paste inflicted on her is used for polishing of proximal surfaces of stopping or teeth after the instrumental delete of dental deposits.
A company ORAL-B patented the method of production of filament on multifibre two-component technology, to based on the unique patented system a “core is a shell”. Everyfibre of such filament consists of soft, easily sliding polymeric shell, inflicted on a strong nylon core. A filament consists of 144 separate fibres of two-components, which clamp together, and a polymeric shell serves as connecting “glue”, clamping fibres (will remind, that ordinary filaments consist of great number of nylon fibres, connected by amechanical wring which brings to the bulge filaments over on the whole). As a shell is used high-quality polymer of Pebax. Through his mildness, elasticity and ability to slide in a moist environment, due to what a filament easily compresses and penetrates between teeth.
Thus, the best penetration between teeth is provided the new structure of filament, absence of wring of fibres and more flat type. A nylon core provides mechanicaldurability, and a shell is high-proof to the friction, authenticity of its grinding goes down that is why. A filament has a higher coefficient of friction in the dry state that is why it is easier to retain her in hands. Pebax adds a filament mildness and does not injure gums and fingers. For the impregnation of filament natural double mint aromatizator is created on the basis of butters of ordinary and mint.
The filament of Satin Floss (ORAL-B) has a structure that allows her to be flattened, penetrating between teeth. It promotes the area of its collision with the surface of tooth.
Super Floss
It is recommended for cleaning of wide interdentally intervals, bridge prosthetic appliances, crowns, implants and other orthodontics constructions.
An unique filament consists of three parts which pass one in other: the first part is a hard fibre for conducting of superfloss through under` gingival part of interdentally interval, second part – wide a nylon fibre is for cleaning of wide interdentally intervals, spaces under splint constructions, by unremovable orthopaedic constructions, third part – ordinaryfloss for cleaning of normal dental intervals.
It is clinically proved that superfloss deletes on to a 60% deposit more than ordinary dental filament.
Essential Floss
Technique of the use of floss
The hand use of dental filament assumes the use of segment of filament long 30— 89 see. On one on the middle finger of right arm 3 turns of 80-centimetre segment of filament are winded the most widespread technique of its use (Buttuer M.), on the middle finger of the left arm — 7—8 turns.
Distance between hands must make approximately 10 see. Between the large finger of right arm and index finger of the left arm approximately 2 see of filament is drawn.
The large finger of right arm overpeers to the teeth of right side of overhead jaw a dental filament is entered in an interdentally interval, not damaging a gingival papilla.
A filament cuddles to the surface of tooth and 4— downward purges her 5 motions of up— from a deposit. Through 4—5 motions a filament of winding is on the middle finger of right hand and cleaning by the second contact surface proceeds.
Tooth-picks
Tooth-picks are the additional article of hygiene of cavity of mouth and intended for deleting of tailings of meal from interdentally intervals and raid from the contact surfaces of teeth. The form of tooth-picks little changed for all the time of their existence. Presently they are bars from different materials (tree, plastic, metal, bone) with sharp one or both ends and different transversal crossing (three-cornered, flat, round)
Tooth-picks are effective relatively the well expressed interdentally spaces. If teeth are located densely and interdentally space is filled a gingival papilla, possibilities of their use are limited. In these cases a tooth-pick is placed under a corner approximate 45° to the tooth, its tag is in a cheap groove, and a side is pinned against the surface of tooth. Then the tag of tooth-pick is moved along a tooth, following from foundation of furrow to the contact point of teeth. The same procedure is repeated on the lateral surface of adjoining tooth.
Interdentally ruffs
Interdentally ruffs, intended for cleaning of wide interdentally intervals, spaces under unremovable orthodontics arcs, areas under parts of bridge prosthetic appliances and spaces between implants. At presence of the described situations ruffs are the obligatory mean of hygiene of cavity of mouth. They are made from a nylon bristle, fixed on thinwire basis.
A form of working part of ruff can be conical or cylinder. They differ on a size (diameter of ruff, wire, to length of bristles) and inflexibility of bristle.
Marking on the size of working part is carried out or by pointing of its diameter, or by the special denotations (for example, fine (thin), X-fine (very thin). For conical ruffs a diameter is usually specified near basis and near the tag of working part: for example, cone 3 — 7 mm. The diameter of working part can vary from 1,7 to 14 mm or even in more wide scopes. Inflexibility of ruff is also reflected usually. The more soft ruffs are used for persons with the promoted sensitiveness of hard fabrics of teeth and for cleaning of implants.
The special probes are developed for determining necessary size of ruff in accordance with a clinical situation.
Such probe is the graduated cone-shaped bar on a holder. A probe is entered in space which clears up. The color marking is on the area of bar, which is placed in an interval, specifies on his size and, accordingly, on the size of the article of interdentally hygiene.
Cleaning by a ruff is conducted turning-forward and rotatory motions.
The hairs of ruff here give the good massaging an effect on papilla and marginal parts of gums.
ELIXIRS
Elixirs of cavity of mouth is additional facilities of hygiene of cavity of mouth.
These elixirs as a rule caot be used daily and used at stated intervals, depending on the concentration of ions of fluorine.
Elixirs of cavity of mouth can be produced as solutions, ready to application, or as liquid concentrates or dry matter, that require breeding in certain proportions. They also canbe alcohol capacious or non-alcoholic. Elixirs without maintenance of alcohol used for children from того age when a child acquires skills of rinse of mouth.
The condition of the use of elixirs from chlorgexidine is an observance of interval between cleaning of teeth and rinse more not small 30 minutes.
CHEWING-GUMS
On setting divided into three groups
1. Medical (with certain phytopreparations)
2. Dental
3. Pastry shops
Action of chewing-gum without sugar in the cavity of mouth following:
1. Promotes speed of saliva selection in comparing to the state of rest (provides self cleaning of cavity of mouth, neutralization of acid, operate protective factors of saliva).
2. Favourably influences on property of saliva (stimulates salivating with the promoted buffer capacity, proceeds in structural properties of saliva — pH, optical closeness).
3. Creates the additional loading on masticatory muscles and paradontium, contributory infringement the best blood supply of fabrics of paradontium and actually muscles.
4. Mechanically clears the cavity of mouth (insignificant clearing action of elastic).
5. Refreshing action.
The lack of application of chewing-gum is active products of gastric juice which especially unfavorably operates on an empty stomach. The process of the protracted mastication results in continuous stimulation of salivary glands (mode of excessive salivation) of, which can cause their exhaustion and development of pathological dryness of mucus shell of cavity of mouth, its more easy travmatizatsiyu, violation of protective function of mouth liquid and mouth digestion. The cases of development of tumors of salivary glands are known at the excessive use of chewing-gum. For children which inflate elastics often, development of pathological bite is possible.
PROFESSIONAL HYGIENE OF CAVITY OF MOUTH
The professional delete of dental deposits includes the instrumental delete of dental name-plate and dental stone with the subsequent polishing and polish of surfaces of teeth and stopping. Facilities which are used at the professional hygiene of cavity of mouth tips of dental or hygienical, brushes of circulars for a dental tip, hand instruments for the delete of dental deposits, ultrasonic systems for the delete of dental deposits
systems of air-abrasives for the delete of dental deposits, chemical facilities for the delete of dental deposits, polishing cups, to pasture for the delete of dental deposits and polish of surfaces of teeth. For the satiation of teeth used mineral components: solutions for appliques and electrophoresis, mineral containing varnishes, gels with high maintenance of fluorine for the medical use.
For pressurizing of blind pits and fissure teeth germetic of different classes is used.
A professional hygiene provides for:
– determination of degree of activity of caries;
– estimation of the hygienical state of cavity of mouth
– presence of pathogenic factors, choice of ways of removal of their negative operating on organs and fabrics of cavity of mouth of patient
– determination of risk factors
– determination of level of hygienical culture of patient;
– forming of motivation to the necessity of permanent realization of hygienical care is of cavity of mouth;
– studies skills of the personal hygienical care of cavity of mouth
– choice of individual facilities of hygienical care of cavity of mouth and choice
methods of prophylaxis;
– conducting of the professional cleaning of teeth of patient: removal of dense tooth and subgingival deposits by the special vehicles and instruments, pastes, accessories; removal of retention points ( polishing of stopping, polishing of roughnesses of surface of tooth, correction of occlusal contacts), etc.;
– determination of multipleness of the professional looking is after the cavity of mouth
patient;
– recommendations are on a feed;
– implementation of prophylactic procedures.
The professional hygiene of cavity of mouth of patient must be conducted systematic. In a period preceding the special dental treatment obligatory conducting of professional hygiene.
The professional cleaning of teeth includes:
– in default of tooth tartar is cleaning of teeth by the brushes of circulars with abrasive paste for the delete of no mineralized dental deposits;
– at presence of tooth tartar is his delete with application of dissolvent matters, hand and ultrasonic instruments, and only after is cleaning of teeth by the brushes of circulars with abrasive paste;
– at presence of soft deposit which can pigmented and absence of dental tartar – delete of pigmentation, with application of ultrasonic, air – instruments of abrasives and brushes of circulars with abrasive paste.
In all cases is a finishing polish of surfaces of teeth polishing
by finely dispersions pastes in polishing bowls.
The modern systems for the mechanical delete of mineralized dental deposits are divided into sounds and ultrasonic.
The systems of sounds are presented pneumatic scalers. These instruments work by the compressed air, which is given from the turbine of the dental setting. Frequency ofarising up here vibrations does not achieve an ultrasonic range and folds about 10 000 vibrationsin a second (Titan-S Sonic Sealer, Micro-MegaAir Sealer, KaVo SONICflexLUX). The deposits densely fastened on the surface of tooth collapse as a result of vibrations of working part. Instrumental in this process and directed on the surface of tooth stream of water. For cooling of instrument during work usually use water or pharmacological active matters. The necessity of the permanent cooling substantially hampers the use of ultrasonic instruments for treatment of deep paradontal pockets.
In default of cooling there can be thermal damages of hard fabrics of teeth and surrounding them soft fabrics.
Chemical delete of deposits
However and now for softening influence of the densely fixed mineralized dental deposits before their final delete, especially on mobile teeth, the row of chemical matters is used, mainly acids.
Preparations are inflicted on the surface of mineralized dental deposits on 30—60 sec. (sometimes on more long time), washed off whereupon, and a dental tartar is deleted ordinary methods.
Belagel – P for the chemical removal of hard dental deposit
The polish of surface of teeth is conducted usually after the delete of dental deposits for providing of smooth surface which eliminates retention of dental deposit. At a polish also the shallow fragments of mineralized dental deposits and spot are finally deleted on teeth. The lack of majority of types of polish of surface of enamel is a complete or partial delete of its superficial layer, enriched fluorides. That is why it is expedient to process the polished surface fluorine containing solutions.
For a polish the special cups (hubcaps) of rubbers, which are revolved, and brushes of butt ends, polishing bars can be used floss.
Cups can be different inflexibility. Yes, the soft hubcaps of company Densco have a blue color, hubcaps of middle inflexibility — white, hard — yellow. The blue superthinprophylactic polishers companies of Edenta can be used without paste on speed of rotation.
For the polish of masticatory surfaces the comfortable use of brushes which are revolved with polishing paste. Brushes can be also used on smooth surfaces at presence ofon them spots.
For a polish polishing pastes of different graininess are used. Beginning ensues from the most rough dispersion and to complete the least.
Sometimes during the sessions of conducting of professional hygiene at pleasure a patient can complete course of bleaching teeth.
Two basic methods of bleaching are presently known: external (on the surface of enamel) and internal (in the cavity of devitalized teeth). Bleaching can be conducted both in domestic and in ambulatory terms. For this purpose use acids. Basic preparation for bleaching is a peroxide of hydrogen.
There are a testimony and contra-indications to the bleaching teeth, which depend on reason of colouring, common state of patient and features of cavity of mouth.
Bleaching contra-indicated:
· at an allergy on the components of method;
· for patients with heavy somatic pathology;
· to pregnant and feedings mothers;
· at pathology of maxillotemporal joint;
at hyperesthesia of teeth;
at de compensated carious process;
· for patients with pathology of paradontium and defeats of MMCM;
· for patients with vast restorations in the cavity of mouth.
Bleaching is not recommended teeth to the children.
It is necessary to explain to the patient procedure of bleaching, possibilities of method, complications are possible. A doctor must distinguish teeth which are subjectbleaching and teeth which only seem to the patient dark. In some cases it is needed to convince a patient, that the color of teeth answers his exterior and age.
Before conducting of procedure of bleaching it is necessary to work out a careful plan, necessarily to document the primary color of teeth by pictures. For quality of stopping of channels of roots control, and also control of quality of stopping, restorations, presence of cracks, carious defects it is necessary to do a panoramic sciagram a patient.He must be informed that the present in a cavity stopping and restorations will not change the color and at a necessity will be subject replacement. A cavity of mouth must behealthy, during bleaching more careful hygiene is needed, and also must be excluded from a food ration products which contain dyes.
Procedure of bleaching, as a rule, does not engulf molyari. For control of efficiency of bleaching at first he is conducted on the teeth of overhead jaw, then lower.
Method of home bleaching. After the professional cleaning of teeth determine their initial color by the scale of Vita. For home bleaching use 10% gels of peroxide of carbamіd: preparations of “Opalescence” of firm “Ultradent“, “Platinum” of firm “Colgate” and other. A method is most effective at yellow-brown pigmentations, caused food dyes and age-old changes of teeth.
The sequence of the stages of method of bleaching following:
– professional cleaning of teeth;
– determination of initial color of teeth is after a scale Vita;
– a removal of imprints and making of individual hubcap is from a plastic;
– trying on hubcap in the cavity of mouth, explaining a method and rules of the use.
A patient independently brings in hubcap bleaching preparation and carries her on teeth in a term, proper instruction. More frequent in all procedure of bleaching is begun from 2 hours in a day, add for 1 hour on a day lead to time of stay of hubcap in the cavity of mouth to 6 hours In middle duration of daily appliques makes 2—4 hours, course of bleaching — 2—3 weeks.
Among the effects of sides it should be noted: annoying a gingival edge, hyperesthesia of teeth, discomfort in a maxillotemporal joint.
A method of bleaching is in a dental cabinet.
In the ambulatory terms of vidbilyuvannya conduct preparations with the high concentration of peroxide of hydrogen or peroxide of carbamіd (35%). A necessary condition is a high-quality isolation of fabrics of paradontium, mucus shell of cavity of mouth which is achieved the use of traditional or “liquid” rubber dam. In one session conductbleaching of two-bit of teeth.
The sequence of the stages of method of bleaching following:
– professional cleaning of teeth;
– determination of initial color of teeth is after a scale Vita;
– imposition of rubber dam;
– on the surface of teeth which are subject bleaching, inflict bleaching preparation on 10—20 min – bleaching strengthen by the special lamp which is adjusted on the temperature of comfort (when a patient does not experience pain). Temperature and intensity light it is needed gradually to reduce. Maximal time of display — from 30 to 60 min;
– upon termination of procedure of bleaching conduct remtheraphy by varnish or fluorine gel.
Method of internal bleaching.
For bleaching of devitalized teeth use internal bleaching. As bleaching preparation is applied 30% peroxide of hydrogen and perborat sodium. Two methods are known:acceleration of bleaching with the use of heat as catalyst of process (power bleaching) and bleaching in a few stages (walking bleach). An obligatory condition for conducting of this bleaching is high-quality obturatsіya of root channel and pressurizing mouth at the level of enamel-cement border by glass ionomer cement.
The sequence of the stages of method of bleaching following:
– professional cleaning of teeth;
– determination of initial color of teeth is after a scale Vita;
– imposition mini rubber dam;
– verification of obturation of root channel;
– treatment of cavity of tooth 37% by phosphoric acid (30sec);
– mixture of a 30% peroxide of hydrogen from perborat sodium is distributed the heated instrument (thermo applicator) in the cavity of tooth during 2—5 min. Procedure is repeated by each 5 min. during 30 min;
– upon termination of procedure of bleaching in the cavity of tooth abandon the hydroxide of calcium under the temporal stopping.
If the desired effect is not attained, procedure is repeated in two days. At bleaching in a few visits of bleaching preparation abandon in the cavity of tooth under the temporal stopping on 2—7 days. Procedure can be repeated not more than 4 times.
