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METHODICAL INRUCTION

June 8, 2024

METHODICAL INSTRUCTION FOR STUDENTS OF THE IV COURSE

____Medical____ Faculty

LESSON № _2_ (PRACTICAL – 6 HOURS)

Theme: 1. Lines of dynamics and its analysis – 2 hours.

2. Direct method of indexes standardization – 2 hours.

3. Graphic methods of analysis – 2 hours.

Aim: 1. To seize a technique of construction of dynamic numbers (lines) of calculation of parameters, the analysis and alignment of dynamic lines.

2. To obtain practical skills for the calculation of the standardized indices.

3. To possess the methodic of construction of basic graphic representations.

Professional orientation of students: Studying of the processes necessary for the correct analysis of the social and economic and medical phenomena, activity of bodies and establishments of public health services, acceptance of the proved administrative decisions, forecasting of treatment-and-prophylactic, organizational and other actions.

Indices of mortality and morbidity are often calculated for the groups of population heterogeneous at their structure. This heterogeneity influences the size of indices, which cannot be estimated by the way of simple comparison that results in analytical errors. To remove the influence of heterogeneity of structure of totalities on the quantities of intensive indices, which are compared, expected by an ordinary way, allows the method of direct standardization.

For the better perception and deeper analysis of statistical quantities the different forms of graphic representations are used.

Methodology of Practical Class (9⁰⁰-12⁰⁰)

Theme № 1 for Practical Class on “Lines of dynamics and its analysis”

Work 1.

The dynamic lines analysis.

a) Students define (determine) parameters of dynamic lines:

· A pure gain;

· Rate of a gain;

· Rate of growth;

· Visualization parameters

Use a dynamic number (line) of death rate of the population of the Ternopol area for 2002-2005.

b) Students analyze calculation parameters, build the conclusions.

Theme № 2 for Practical Class on “Direct method of indexes standardization”

Work 2.

Direct method of standardization of indices.

a) To choose the phenomena from the variant, on the indices of which heterogeneity of structure can influence.

b) To calculate the intensive indices.

c) To choose the standard (for a standard it is possible to accept the middle of the compared totalities).

d) To determine the expected results.

e) To calculate the standardized indices.

f) To compare the standardized and intensive indices and make the conclusions.

Theme № 3 for Practical Class on “Graphic methods of analysis”

Work 3.

Graphic representations of statistical values.

a) To match, from the offered variants, statistical indices for registration of graphic representations.

b) To build a linear (or column) diagram. To match the intensive indices set during the years for this purpose, to define a scale and to account their levels according to co-ordinates. To design as a continuous line or columns with identical basis and distance.

c) To build a sector or rectangular diagram. To match the extensive indices for this purpose. For a circle to transfer percents in degrees (1 % = 3,6°), to put the meaning of every element as the sector of a circle. In a rectangle as 100 % to adopt a quantity on a vertical line. To put the meaning of every element. To take away the representation picture of every element from the side of sector or rectangular diagram.

d) To build a radial diagram. To match for it the basic data, an average quantities of the phenomenon for a certain period of time (year) to take as the radius of the circle; with the motion of hour-hand to define the phenomena scaly and put together with the centre of the circle by the line.

Individual Students Program.

Theme № 1 for the Practical Class on “Lines of dynamics and its analysis”

1. What is the dynamic line?

2. What are the forms of dynamic lines?

3. Parameters of dynamic lines, their characteristic.

4. Procedure of calculation of parameters of dynamic lines.

5. Methods of even of dynamic lines.

Theme № 2 for the Practical Class on “Direct method of indexes standardization”

1. To learn the essence of method of standardization.

2. What conditions is the direct method of standardization of indices used at?

3. To study the stages of direct method of standardization.

4. What is shown by the standardized indices?

5. What application domains of method of standardization?

Theme № 3 for the Practical Class on “Graphic methods of analysis”

1. What statistical quantities are applied for construction of graphic representations?

2. How are the graphic representations divided?

3. What common rules of construction of graphic representations exist?

4. How to choose the type of graphic representation?

5. Principle of construction and application of square diagrams (linear, column, rectangular, sector, radial)

Seminar discussion of theoretical issues (12³⁰-14⁰⁰)

Test evaluation and situational tasks:

a) For the Practical Class on “Lines of dynamics and its analysis”

1. What values for levels of simple dynamic line are characterized?

А. Relative

В. Average

С. Absolute

D. Relative and absolute

Э. Relative and average.

2. Which one of reduced parameters will be used for analysis of dynamic line?

А. Minimum and maximum values

В. Pure gain, rate of growth, rate of gain

С. Level and interval of line

D. Mode, median, average arithmetic

Э. Limit, amplitude, average square deviation

3. The number of doctors in region for 5 years (on 01.01 for each year) is compounded 120; 122; 125; 121; 118.

What dynamic line is reduced?

А. Composite

B. Range

C. Even

D. Instant

Э. Interval

4. Write an example of parameter of Pure gain (dynamic line: 10, 15, 5).

А. 15/10х100=150 %

B. 15-10 = + 5

C. 15-5 = + 10

D. 10/5х100=200 %

Е. 5/10х100=50 %

5. Write an example of Rate of growth parameter (dynamic line: 24, 12, 4).

А. 12/24х100=50 %

B. 12-24 =-12

C. 24-12 = + 12

D. 4/-12х100 =-33,3 %

Е. 4/24х100=16,7 %

b) For the Practical Class on “Direct method of indexes standardization”

1. For what purpose the standardization of indices is conducted?

А. Removing of the influence of heterogeneity in the structure of totalities which are studied.

В. Comparison of indices calculated in the qualitavely heterogeneous totalities.

С. Comparison of indices calculated in the totalities heterogeneous iumber.

D. Studying and analysis of the dynamics of indices.

Е. Estimation of the interconnection between the phenomena.

2. How many stages have the direct method of standardization?

A. 2

B. 3

С. 4

D. 5

Е. 6

3.The standardized indices have to be considered:

А. Absolute

В. Official

С. Conditional

D. True

Е. Relative

4. Point the methods of standardization of indices.

A. Direct, indirect

B. Complete, incomplete

С. Direct, reverse, complete

D. Direct, indirect, reverse

Е. Direct, indirect, partial

5. What is more frequently used for the standard?

А. The sum of quantitative structure of groups.

В. The half-sum of quantitative structure of groups.

С. The maximum index.

D. The minimum index.

Е. The subtraction of two indices.

c) For the Practical Class on “Graphic methods of analysis”

1. What are the graphic representations applied for in statistics?

А. Estimation of authenticity of results of statistical research.

В. Studding of interconnection between the phenomena.

С. Standardization of indices.

D. Evident representations of statistical quantities, their deep analysis.

Е. Accountancy of errors of averages and relative quantities.

2. What diagrams represent the static’s of the phenomena?

A. Mapgam.

B. Mapdiagram.

С. Сolumn diagrams.

D. Inwardly-column diagrams.

Е. Linear diagrams.

3. To how many degrees of circle does 5 % answer at construction of sector diagram?

A. 1,6

B. 3,0

С. 3,6

D. 10,6

Е. 18,0

4. What type of graphic representations can be used for the analysis of dynamics of mortality of babies?

А. Linear diagram

В. Sector diagram

С. Inwardly-column diagram

D. Radial diagram

Е. Linear and sector diagram

5. What type of diagrams is built on the system of polar co-ordinates?

A. Linear.

B. Column.

С. Inwardly-column.

D. Radial.

Е. Sector.

Initial level of knowledge and skills is tested by solving situational problems from each topic, tests’ answers and structural questions.

(the teacher has sets of tests and situational problems)

Student’s independent work is checked by solving situational tasks for each topic, answers in test evaluations and constructive questions. (the instructor has tests & situational tasks) (14¹⁵-15⁰⁰)

Students should know:

Theme № 1 for Practical Class on “Lines of dynamics and its analysis”

1. Definition of concept of dynamic lines.

2. Parameters of dynamic numbers (lines).

Theme № 2 for Practical Class on “Direct method of indexes standardization”

1. The essence of method of standardization.

2. The stages of the direct method of standardization of indices.

3. The application domain of method of standardization.

Theme № 3 for Practical Class on “Graphic methods of analysis”

1. What are the graphic representations and what are they used for?

2. Types of graphic representations.

3. Principle of construction and application of square diagrams.

Students should be able to:

Theme № 1 for Practical Class on “Lines of dynamics and its analysis”

1. define (determine) a parameter of dynamic lines.

2. make the analysis of dynamic numbers (lines).

Theme № 2 for Practical Class on “Direct method of indexes standardization”

1. calculate the standardized indices posing on the concrete situation, using the direct method of standardization.

2. compare the standardized and intensive indices and make the proper conclusions.

Theme № 3 for Practical Class on “Graphic methods of analysis”

1. choose the type of graphic representations basing on the concrete basic data.

2. build different types of square diagrams: linear (or column), sector, radial.

Correct answers on tests and situational tasks:

Correct answers of test evaluations and situational tasks for Practical Class on “Lines of dynamics and its analysis”:

1. C 2. B. 3. D. 4. B. 5. А.

Correct answers of test evaluations and situational tasks for Practical Class on “Direct method of indexes standardization”:

1. В. 2. D. 3. С. 4. D. 5. В.

Correct answers of test evaluations and situational tasks for Practical Class on “Graphic methods of analysis”:

1. D. 2. С. 3. E. 4. А. 5. D.

References:

А – Basic:

1. Holyachenko, A. Shulhai, O. Nykytyuk. Social medicine and health protection organizations. – Ternopil, “Ukrmedknyga”, 2004. – 171 p.

2. A. Indrayan. Medical Biostatistics, Third Edition. – Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, 2012. – 1008 p.

3. Fundamentals of Biostatistics (7th Edition). – English, 2010. – 891 p.

4. Michael J. Campbell, David Machin, Stephen J. Walters. Medical Statistics: A Textbook for the Health Sciences, 4th Edition. – Paperback, 2006. – 344 p.

5. Frank Emmert-Streib and Matthias Dehmer. Medical Biostatistics for Complex Diseases”. – Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. – 412 p.

6. Michael R. Chernick. The Essentials of Biostatistics for Physicians, Nurses, and Clinicians. – Wiley, 2011. – 538 p.

7. Practical classes materials.

8. Lecture materials.

В – Additional:

1. Shein-Chung Chow. Controversial Statistical Issues in Clinical Trials (Chapman & Hall/CRC Biostatistics Series). – Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2011. – 611 p.

2. Peter Armitage, Theodore Colton. Encyclopedia of Biostatistics: 8-Volume. –John Wiley & Sons, 2005. – 6100 p.

3. Gerald van Belle, Patrick J. Heagerty. Biostatistics: A Methodology for the Health Sciences (Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics). –Wiley-Interscience; 2 edition, English, 2004. – 888 p.

4. Riccardo Rizzo. Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics: 7th International Meeting. – Palermo, Italy, CIBIB, 2011. 301 p.

5. Robert C. Elston, William Johnson. Basic Biostatistics for Geneticists and Epidemiologists: A Practical Approach. – Wiley, 2008. – 384 p.

6. Steve Selvin. Survival Analysis for Epidemiologic and Medical Research (Practical Guides to Biostatistics and Epidemiology) – Cambridge University Press, 2008. – 296 p.