Seminar class methodological instructions for students
SEMINAR CLASS 1 (6 HOURS)
Theme: Introduction to the history of medicine.
1. Introduction to the history of medicine. Medicine of the primitive society.– 2 hours
2. Medicine of the ancient world. – 2 hours
3. Medicine of early and developed middle ages. Renaissance medicine. – 2 hours
Professional motivation: Knowledge of the history of a man’s need in medicare from the oldest times helps us understand of role and place of medical profession in society. Knowledge of the laws and achievements of medicine in the countries of the Ancient world lets us estimate their value for the development of world medicine. Knowledge of the laws and achievements of medicine of the Middle Ages helps us estimate their value for the development of world medicine. Knowledge of the laws and achievements of Renaissance medicine of the 18th-19th centuries lets us estimate their value for development of world medicine.
Students’ self-study program:
Theme 1. Introduction to the history of medicine. Medicine of the primitive society.
1. The concept of medicine.
2. Public reasons which stipulate its essence and development.
3. Public circumstances which gave rise to the knowledge of medication.
4. Sources of knowledge about medicine and medication.
5. The concept of health and causes of illnesses in different periods of the primitive society. Remedies.
6. Sources of knowledge about medicine and medication.
7. Public reasons which stipulate its essence and development.
8. Public circumstances which gave rise to the knowledge of medication.
Theme 2. Medicine of the ancient world.
1. Medicine of Egypt: ideas about causes of illnesses, development of surgery, hygiene, stomatology. Remedies.
2. Medicine of China: teachings about “yan” and “in”, methods of diagnostics of diseases, methods of treatment (acupuncture, fitotherapy and others).
3. Medicine of India: ideas about causes of illnesses, development of surgery, namely plastic surgery, obstetrics, doctor’s ethics.
4. Medicine in the countries of the ancient Mesopotamia (Schumer, Babylon and Assyria): ideas about causes of illnesses, methods of treatment, medical astrology.
5. Medicine of the ancient Greece: theoretical ideas about human health, church medicine, medical schools.
6. Medicine of the ancient Greece: theoretical ideas about human health, church medicine.
7. Hippocrates as the father of clinical medicine.
8. Medicine of the ancient Rome: Asclepiad, Cornelius Cells, Lucreciy Kar, Dioscorid.
9. Claudius Galen as a prominent doctor of the ancient world.
Theme 3. Medicine of early and developed middle ages. Renaissance medicine.
1. Features of medical science and practice of the Renaissance.
2. Epidemics of the Renaissance.
3. Development of anatomy of the Renaissance: A. Vezaliy, discovery of the two circles of blood circulation.
4. Role of Paracelsus in the development of medicine. Iatrochemistry.
5. Workshop medicine.
6. Development of surgery: Ambruaz Pare.
7. Development of Iatrophysics.
8. Development of fundamental sciences in the 18–19th centuries
9. Development of anatomy (Albinus, F. Ruish).
10. Origin of pathological anatomy (Giovanni Morganio, Ksavie Bish, Charles Rokitanski, Rudolf Virhov).
11. Development of physiology (Johannes Muller, Claude Bernard, Francois Majandi, Ivan Sechenov, Ivan Pavlov).
12. Formation of microbiology: empiric and experimental periods.
13. Development of clinical medicine. Leyden university, Herman Burgave.
14. Discovery of new methods of inspecting patients.
2. Samples of test questions:
1. When did medicine of Mesopotamia begin to develop?
A. 5,000 B.C.
B. 1,000 B.C.
C. 4,000 B.C.
D. 2,000 B.C.
E. 3,000 B.C.
2. What time period belongs to history of prehistoric medicine?
A. 6,000,000 – 2,000 B.C.
B. 5,000,000 – 4,000 B.C.
C. 3,000,000 – 5,000 B.C.
D. 6,000,000 – 4,000 B.C.
E. 4,000,000 – 4,000 B.C.
3. In what country of the Ancient World was sanitary inspection of markets carried out?
A. India
B. Babylon
C. China
D. Assyria
E. Egypt
4. What country was acupuncture invented?
A. Egypt
B. China
C. India
D. Babylon
E. Greece
5. What country achieved the greatest progress in embalming of dead bodies?
A. India
B. Egypt
C. China
D. Babylon
E. Assyria
6. What is magic?
A. Belief in supernatural power of spirits
B. Belief in supernatural power of man
C. Belief in supernatural power of animals
D. Belief in supernatural power of things
E. Belief in supernatural power of earth.
7. What was the origin of the first remedies?
A. Herbal
B. Animal
C. Mineral
D. Chemical
E. Alchemic
8. In what country were rhinoplastic operations first administered?
A. Assyria
B. Egypt.
C. Babylon
D. China
E. India
9. In what country was heart considered the center of vital functions?
A. India.
B. Babylon.
C. Assyria.
D. China.
E. Egypt.
10. What was used to explain the origin of illness in Ancient India?
A. Disbalance of bile, mucus and air
B. Punishment for sins
C. Disbalance of blood and pneuma
D. Disbalance of yang and yin
E. Disbalance of blood and mucus
11. In what country were the obstetric receptions, pathological births, defects of development of fetal first described?
A. China
B. Babylon
C. India
D. Egypt
E. Assyria
12. Who from gods in Ancient Egypt was considered the promoter of children and magic medical treatment?
A. Anubis
B. Sohmet
C. Tot
D. Isida
E. Taweret
13. What properties does the masculine principle yang have (active and…)?
A. Dark
B. Industrious
C. Passive
D. Light
E. Bright
14. What event marked beginning of middle ages?
A. Fall of the Roman empire
B. The inquisition
C. Discovery of calendar and writing
D. Murder of Julius Caesar
E. Emergence of slave–owning
15. How was the fourth period in history of Ancient Egypt called?
A. The newest
B. Middle kingdom
C. Old kingdom
D. New kingdom
E. Archaic
16. What is medicine as a science?
A. Practical activity and system of scientific knowledge on maintaining and strengthening of human health, prevention and medical treatment of illnesses.
B. Practical activity and science on the prophylaxis of human diseases.
C. Introduction of scientific knowledge in practical activity for improvement of medical treatment of human diseases.
D. Practical activity and system of scientific knowledge on maintaining and strengthening of health of mother and child
E. Practical activity and system of scientific knowledge on maintaining and strengthening of family health.
17. What is the name of the first period of middle ages?
A. Bronze.
B. Early
C. Middle
D. Renaissance
E. Roman
18. Basic sources for studying medicine of Mesopotamia.
A. Hammurabi’s code, clay tablets of Ashur–Bonipal
B. Ayurveda
C. Papyri of Smith and Ebers
D. The Laws of Manu
E. Book about pulse
19. What god in Ancient Egypt was considered the god of birth, lying-in woman and new–born?
A. Isida
B. Sohmet
C. Taweret
D. Tot
E. Anubis
20. What are sources for studying history of medicine of prehistoric ages (artifacts and …).
A. Tribal way of life
B. Documentaries, photographs
C. Art
D. Written evidence
E. Phonological sources
3. Answers to sample test questions:
1. A; 2. C; 3. E; 4. B; 5. B; 6. B; 7. A; 8. E; 9. D; 10. A; 11. C; 12. D; 13. D; 14. A; 15. D; 16. A; 17. B; 18. A; 19. C; 20. E
4. Sources of information.
Basic titles:
1. Голяченко О.М., Ганіткевич Я.В. Історія медицини. – Тернопіль, 2004. – 246 с.
2. Конопелько Г., Голяченко А. Історія медицини та фармації України на світовому тлі. – Тернопіль, 2002. – 96 с.
3. Верхратський С.А., Заблудовський П.Ю. Історія медицини. – К., 1991. – 430 с.
4. Lois N., Magner A. History of Medicine. – 2nd edition. – Yale University Press, 2005.
5. Black R. Humanism and Education in Medieval and Renaissance Italy: Tradition and Innovation in Latin Schools from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Century. – New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
6. Carlino A. Books of the Body: Anatomical Ritual and Renaissance Learning. – Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
Additional titles:
1. Сорокина Т.С. Атлас истории медицины. – М., 1987. – Т. 1–2. – 170 с.
2. Аронов Г.Ю., Грандо О.А., Мирський М.Б., Сорокіна Т.С., Шилініс Ю.О., Жуковський Л.Й., Коган В.Я. Визначні імена у світовій медицині – Great Names in the World History / За ред. О.А. Грандо. – К.: РИА „Тріумф”, 2001.
3. Bylebyl J.J. William Harvey and His Age. The Professional and Social Context of the Discovery of the Circulation. – Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press, 1979.
4. Lectures.
5. Materials for practical classes
5. Instructions for practical work (900-1200)
Theme 1. Introduction to the history of medicine. Medicine of the primitive society.
1. Draw a chart of the development of medicine of ancient India.
2. Draw a chart of the development of medicine of ancient China.
3. Draw a chart of the development of medicine of ancient Egypt.
4. Draw a chart of the development of medicine of Mesopotamia.
5. Draw a chart of the development of medicine of primitive society.
6. Draw genealogy of gods of medicine of antiquity.
7. Draw a chart of the development of medicine of primitive society.
8. Describe basic achievements of Hippocrates, prominent doctor of antiquity.
9. Describe basic achievements of Galen, prominent doctor of antiquity.
10. Draw a chart of the development of medicine of ancient India.
11. Draw a chart of the development of medicine of ancient China.
12. Draw a chart of the development of medicine of ancient Egypt.
Theme 2. Medicine of the ancient world.
1. Draw a chart of the development of medicine of ancient India.
2. Draw a chart of the development of medicine of ancient Egypt.
3. Draw a chart of the development of medicine of primitive society.
4. Describe basic achievements of Hippocrates, prominent doctor of antiquity.
5. Describe basic achievements of Galen, prominent doctor of antiquity.
Theme 3. Medicine of early and developed middle ages. Renaissance medicine.
1. Describe features of Arabic medicine.
2. Describe basic achievements of Avicenna.
3. Describe basic achievements of Abu Bakr Al Razi.
4. Describe features of distribution and treatment of epidemics during Middle Ages.
5. Describe structure of education in workshop medicine.
6. Draw a chart of development of anatomy during Renaissance.
7. Describe basic merits of Paracelsus in development of medicine.
8. Features of medical education during Middle Ages.
9. Name basic achievements of Ambroise Pare.
10. Draw a graph of development of pathological anatomy.
11. Draw a graph of development of physiology.
12. Draw a graph of development of microbiology.
6. Seminar class discussion (1230– 1400)
7. Independent work (1415 – 1500)
8. Students must know:
Theme 1. Introduction to the history of medicine. Medicine of the primitive society.
1. The concept of medicine.
2. Public reasons which stipulate its essence and development.
3. Public circumstances which gave rise to the knowledge of medication.
4. Sources of knowledge about medicine and medication.
5. The concept of health and causes of illnesses in different periods of the primitive society. Remedies.
6. Sources of knowledge about medicine and medication.
7. Public reasons which stipulate its essence and development.
8. Public circumstances which gave rise to the knowledge of medication.
Theme 2. Medicine of the ancient world.
1. Medicine of Egypt: ideas about causes of illnesses, development of surgery, hygiene, stomatology. Remedies.
2. Medicine of China: teachings about “yan” and “in”, methods of diagnostics of diseases, methods of treatment (acupuncture, fitotherapy and others).
3. Medicine of India: ideas about causes of illnesses, development of surgery, namely plastic surgery, obstetrics, doctor’s ethics.
4. Medicine in the countries of the ancient Mesopotamia (Schumer, Babylon and Assyria): ideas about causes of illnesses, methods of treatment, medical astrology.
5. Medicine of the ancient Greece: theoretical ideas about human health, church medicine, medical schools.
6. Medicine of the ancient Greece: theoretical ideas about human health, church medicine.
7. Hippocrates as the father of clinical medicine.
8. Medicine of the ancient Rome: Asclepiad, Cornelius Cells, Lucreciy Kar, Dioscorid.
9. Claudius Galen as a prominent doctor of the ancient world.
Theme 3. Medicine of early and developed middle ages. Renaissance medicine.
1. Features of medical science and practice of the Renaissance.
2. Epidemics of the Renaissance.
3. Development of anatomy of the Renaissance: A. Vezaliy, discovery of the two circles of blood circulation.
4. Role of Paracelsus in the development of medicine. Iatrochemistry.
5. Workshop medicine.
6. Development of surgery: Ambruaz Pare.
7. Development of Iatrophysics
Adopted at the chair sitting on “11” June 2013, report № 12.
The Head of the Chair of Ukrainian studies
Prof. Pryshlyak A. M. 
