BACHELOURATE NURSING PROGRAM
Community
and Public Health Nursing
PRACTICUM
METHODICAL INSTRUCTION
FOR
PRACTICAL CLASS #4
(7 hours)
|
Theme: |
Models and Concepts
applied to Community Health Nursing. Conceptual models: The |
|
Aim: |
To learn about modern nursing models and concepts applied to Community Health Nursing and to be able to use them
in your practice. |
|
Professional orientation of students |
In nursing’s early
history, knowledge was extremely limited and almost entirely task oriented.
As nursing knowledge grew, so too did a means to organize information
systematically. As nursing advanced professionally, theories were used to
analyze client care situations and communicate with other nurses. Nursing
theory is necessary for the continued development and evolution of the
discipline of nursing. |
|
Instructor:
|
__________________________________________________ |
OBJECTIVES:
1.
Explain what is meant by a
theory and a model of nursing
2.
Characterize the conceptual
models:
a.
the
b.
Neuman System Model
Examples of Multiple Choice Tests
Identify
the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. All
of the following statements about the term theory are true EXCEPT
|
a. |
propositions
are structural elements of theory |
|
b. |
a
theory is a set of concepts and propositions that provides an orderly way to
view phenomena |
|
c. |
description,
explanation, and prediction are the purpose of theory |
|
d. |
use
of the term theory is restricted to the scientific world |
____ 2. Nursing's metaparadigm differs
from that of medicine's because nursing's metaparadigm
|
a. |
has
been in existence longer |
|
b. |
is
broader and focuses on the person, health, and the environment |
|
c. |
is
focused on the curing of disease |
|
d. |
is
focused on acute needs of the client |
____ 3. Who
was an author of a theory that focused on self-care?
|
a. |
Nightingale |
c. |
Abdellah |
|
b. |
Levine |
d. |
|
Answer
Section
1. ANS: D
2. ANS: B
3. ANS: D
1. Allender, J. A., Spradley, B.W. (2001). Community Health Nursing: Concepts and Practice (5th edition). Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins; 5th edition (January 15, 2001). 799 pages. ISBN-13:
978-0781721226.
2. Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2000).
Community and Public Health Nursing (5th Edition)
3. Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2006).
Foundations of Nursing in the Community: Community-Oriented Practice (2nd
Edition)
4. Allender, J. A., Spradley, B.W. (2004). Community Health Nursing: Promoting and
Protecting the Public's Health (6th Edition) Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, 2004. – 992 p.
Additional
readings:
1. Fawcett, J. (2000). Analysis and evaluation of contemporary nursing knowledge: Nursing
models and theories.
2. Nursing
theorists: Portraits of excellence; Nursing theorists: Excellence in action [videos].
Internet
resources:
1. http://www.omahasystem.org/
2. http://nursing.jbpub.com/sitzman/artGallery.cfm
3.
American Association of Legal Nurse
Consultants http://www.aalnc.org
4.
American Health Information Management Association
http://www.ahima.org
5.
American Nurses Association http://www.nursingworld.org
Practicum Outline Exam of Practical Skills II (9:00 am till 12:00
am)
1. Personal
work: In written form explain how you can use nursing conceptual models in your practice.
2.
Group work:
a.
Prepare short PPT
presentation that will explain the the Omaha System
b. Prepare short PPT presentation that will analyze Neuman System
Model.
3.
Personal work: Give in written form definition to the
next terms: Concept,
Conceptual framework, Existentialism, Functional health patterns, Metaparadigm, Nursing, Paradigm revolution, Paradigm shift,
Phenomenon, Self-care, Proposition.
Students discussion (12:30 pm till 14:00 pm)
1. REVIEW
QUESTIONS
Dorothea Elizabeth Orem
l
Dorothea Elizabeth Orem (1914 – June 22, 2007), born in
l
In simplest terms, this theory states that nurses have to supply care
when the patients cannot provide care to themselves.
l
Her Theory is about self-care. It's all about the capacity to recover
themselves with a little help of Nurses
l
compensatory nursing system: In the wholly
compensatory nursing system, the nurse supports and protects the client,
compensates for the client’s inability to care for self, and attempts to
provide care for the client. The nurse would use the wholly compensatory
nursing system when caring for a newborn or with a client in a postanesthesia care unit who is recovering from surgery.
Both of these clients are completely unable to provide self-care.
l the partly compensatory
nursing system: In the partly compensatory nursing system, both the
nurse and client perform care measures. For example, the nurse can assist the
postoperative client to ambulate. The nurse may bring in a meal tray for the
client who is able to feed self. The nurse compensates for what the client
cannot do. The client is able to perform selected self-care activities but also
accepts care performed by the nurse for needs the client is unable to meet
independently.
l
the supportive-educative nursing system: In
the supportive-educative nursing system, the nurse’s actions are to help
clients develop their own self-care abilities through knowledge, support, and
encouragement. Clients must learn and perform their own self-care activities.
The supportive-educative nursing system is being used when a nurse guides a new
mother to breastfeed her baby.
Neuman's systems model
l
is based on the individual's relationship to
stress, the reaction to it, and reconstitution factors that are dynamic in
nature.
l
is a unique, open systems-based perspective
that provides a unifying focus for approaching a wide range of international
health concerns.
l
Being universal in nature, it is open to creative interpretation and is
widely used throughout the world as a multidisciplinary, holistic, and
comprehensive guide for excellence in nursing practice, education, research,
and administration.
2.
POP-QUIZ
(14:15 pm
till 15:00 pm)
Prepared by Nataliya
Haliyash
25/04/2009
Approved by
Department of General Patient Care. Minute #8 from
January 14, 2008
Revised by Department
of General Patient Care. Minute #17 from June 12, 2008
Director of