I.
’’COMFIRM’’
Vice-rector
__________Prof. I.R.Mysula
25.06. 2008
Microbiology, virology and immunology
department
Speciality “Dentistry business" 7.110106
NORMATIVE DATA
|
Course |
Semesters |
Amount
of hours |
Control
Appearance |
|||
|
Total |
|
Independing study with teacher’s control |
||||
|
Lectures |
Practical
training |
|||||
|
2 |
3 |
189 |
12 |
108 |
17 |
Test-examination |
|
Matricales |
42 |
|
||||
The
program was made by Prof. Klymnyuk S.I., Senior
Teacher Malyarchuk H.R.
The
program was discussed at department meeting,
12.06.2008, minute ¹ 12
Head of
Department
Prof., D. M. Klymnyuk S.I.
The program is
confirmed by cyclic methodical commission of
medical,
biological and humanitarian disciplines
18.06 2007 minute
¹ 6
Head of the cyclic methodical commission Ass. Prof. Tkachuk
N.I.
Ternopil 2008
3. Contents of the Work
Program
LECTURES SHEDULE OF MICROBIOLOGY, Virology
and Immunology
FOR THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS of dentistry faculty,
2008-2009 YEAR
|
¹ |
Title of
lectures |
Date |
Lecturer’s
surname |
|
1
|
The history of
microbiology development as a
science. Classification of microorganisms.
The morphology of bacteria. The physiology of microorganisms. |
|
Prof. S. Klymnyuk |
|
2
|
Genetics of
bacteria and viruses. |
|
Prof. S. Klymnyuk |
|
3
|
The microbiology of
special environments. The microbiology of human bodies. Normal flora of mouth cavity. |
|
As. O. Pokryshko |
|
4
|
Infection
and infectious process. |
|
Lect. M. Tworko |
|
5
|
The doctrine about immunity |
|
Lect. M. Tworko |
|
6
|
Pathogenic and
conditionally-pathogenic cocci. Pathogenic and conditionally-pathogenic
enteric gram-negative microorganisms. |
|
Prof. S. Klymnuyk |
|
7
|
Pathogenic
Clostridia. The anaerobic nonsporeforming
gram-negative microorganisms – causative agents of damage of soft tissues in
mouth cavity. Corynebacteria. Mycobacteria. |
|
Prof. S. Klymnuyk |
|
8
|
RNA-viruses.
DNA-viruses. |
|
Lect. M.S. Tworko |
|
9
|
Causing agents of
viral hepatites. Human
immunodeficiency virus. Tumor viruses. |
|
Prof. S.Klymnuyk |
Chief of medical
biology, microbiology,
virology and
immunology Department
Prof. S. Klymnyuk
FOR THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS, 2008-2009 YEAR
|
¹ |
Title of units |
Number of hours |
Date |
|
1.
|
The regime of microbiological
laboratory. Basic methods of bacteria morphology research. Microscopic methods. Preparation of
smears. Simple methods of smears
staining Basic methods of
bacteria studying. Complex staining methods: Gram’s staining method. Ziel-Nilssen’s
and Neisser’s staining. Structure of bacterial
cell. Nucleoid, cytoplasm, inclusions. Basic methods of
bacteria studying. Complex staining methods: Ozheshcko’s
method. Hanging drop technique and wet-mout
technique. Spores and flagella of bacteria. Peculiarities of structure of Actinomycetes, Spirochetes, Rickettsies,
Chlamydiae, Mycoplasma,
Fungi, and Protozoon. |
6 |
|
|
2.
|
Cultivation of
bacteria. Methods of determination of bacterial number in different materials. Nutrient media and
their classification. Types and mechanisms of bacteria nutrition. Influence of
environmental factors to Microorganisms. Sterilization and disinfection
methods. Methods of physician hands prepearing. Genetics of
microorganisms. Modifications and mutations. Mutagens. Methods of isolating
of mutants. Reparation proceses. Genetic recombinations (transformation, conjugation,
transduction). Genes enginering and biotechnology. |
6 |
|
|
3.
|
Basic principles
and methods of isolation of pure cultures. Streaking of tested material onto
nutrient media. Reproduction of bacteria. Isolation of pure cultures of
aerobic Bacteria. Isolation of pure
cultures of aerobic bacteria. Cultural properties of Microorganisms.
Respiration in bacteria. Its types. Creation of anaerobic conditions. Streak
of material for isolation of pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria. Isolation of pure
bacterial cultures. Bacteria ferments and their significances for identification. |
6 |
|
|
4.
|
Modern classification,
morphological and chemical structure of viruses. Basic methods of viruses cultivation. Bacterial viruses (Bacteriophages). Morphology, chemical structure,
interaction phases of bacteriophages and bacterial
cells. Conversion of bacteriophages. Practical
significance of bacteriophage phenomenon. Ecology of
microorganisms. Microflora and sanitary-indicative
bacteria of soil, water, air. The method of studying. |
6 |
|
|
5.
|
Human microflora and methods of its studying.
Normal flora of mouth cavity. Dysbacteriosis, causes of its appearance. Principles of prophylaxy and therapy. Pathogenic flora of mouth cavity. Fuzospirochetosis.
Streptococcus mutans,
its role in development caries. Doctrine abour antibiotics. Bacterial
antagonism, significance. Methods of determination of bacterial
susceptibility to antibiotics. Basic principles of rational chemotherapy of
infectious disease. |
6 |
|
|
6.
|
Infection and infectious processes. Bacterial pathogenicity
and virulence their role in the development of stomatologic
diseases. Unspecific host defense factors in oral cavity. Phagocytosis,
complement system. Immunity. Immunity, its types and forms. |
6 |
|
|
7.
|
Antigens. Their characteristics. Antigenic structure of microbial
cells an viruses. Immunoglobulins.
Major histocompatibility complex. Immunoglobulins of mouth cavity. Structure of immune System. Ò-
and B-systems of the immunity. Cooperation of cells in immune Response.
Mechanisms of antibacterial, antiviral and antiprotozoal
immunity. Immune status. Immunodeficiency and immunocorection.
Evaluation of immune status of oral cavity. |
6 |
|
|
8.
|
Use of immunologic reactions for identification and serologic diagnosis. Modern tests for diagnosis of infectious diseases immunofluorescens,
CPR. ELISA, gene diagnosis. Using of immunologic
reactions in diagnosis of viral
infections. Allergy. Types of hypersensitivity. |
6 |
|
|
9.
|
Immune preparations for active immunization – vaccines. Their use,
control. Other antigenic preparations. Significance. Specific prophylaxy and therapy of infectious diseases. Main
groups of vaccines. Seroprophylaxias
and therapy. Antibacterial and antiviral sera and immunoglobulins.
Mthods of obtaining, practical value. Hybridomas technology.. |
6 |
|
|
10.
|
Laboratory diagnosis of coccal
infections: Staphylococcal
Streptococcal. Oral cavity
diseases. Odontogenic processes. Streptococcus mutans, its role in the development caries. Neisseria and other gram-negative bacteria of oral cavity. (moraxella, acinetobacter,
veilonella). |
6 |
|
|
11.
|
Microbiological diagnosis
of diseases caused by Escherichia Klebsiella. Enterobacteria – causative agents of oral cavity
diseases. Microbiological diagnosis of typhoid fever and paratyphoids.
Microbiological diagnosis od Salmonellosis. Microbiological diagnosis of bacterial dysentery. Microbiological diagnosis of cholera. Aeromonas,
Campylobacter and Helycobacter infection. |
6 |
|
|
12.
|
Microbiological diagnosis of dangerous infectious diseases (plague,
other yersiniosis and tularaemia,
brucellosis and anthrax). Microbiological diagnosis of pulmonary tract infections: diphtheria, whooping
cough. Prophylaxis and treatment Microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis, leprosy and other mycobacteriosis. Preparations for treatment and
prophylaxis. |
6 |
|
|
13.
|
Microbiological diagnosis of
anaerobic infection, tetanus and botulism. Preparations for treatment
and prophylaxis. The anaerobic nonsporeforming gram negative
microorganism – causative agents of damage of soft tissues of mouth cavity. |
6 |
|
|
14.
|
Microbiological diagnosis of syphilis and other treponematoses
(borreliosis, Lyma disease).
Microbiological diagnosis of Leptospirosis and
relapsing fever. Spirochetes of oral cavity. Microbiological diagnosis and prophylaxis of diseases, which are
caused by pathogenic Rickettsia, Chlamydia and Mycoplasma. Actynomyces. Actynomycosis of oral cavity. Diagnosis, treatment. Pathogenic fungi. Diseases, methods of laboratory diagnosis. Pathogenic protozoa. Diseases, methods of laboratory diagnosis. |
6 |
|
|
15.
|
RNA-viruses. Picornaviruses. Epidemic poliomyelitis viruses. Coxsackie and ÅÑÍÎ viruses. Rhinoviruses Aphthoviruses.
Laboratory diagnosis of diseases. RNA-viruses. Orthomyxoviruses and Paramyxoviruses. Laboratory diagnosis of influenza and parainfluenza. Measles and Epidemic Parotitis Viruses. Respiratory
syncytial virus. Laboratory diagnosis of diseases. Prophylaxis. |
6 |
|
|
16.
|
Arboviruses. Viruses of encephalitis and haemorrhagic fevers. Rubella virus. Laboratory diagnosis
of diseases. Rhabdoviruses, Arenaviruses, Rotaviruses, Coronaviruses.
Laboratory diagnosis of diseases. Prophylaxis. DNA-viruses. Herpesviruses. Adenoviruses.
Herpetic infections of oral cavity. Laboratory diagnosis. Preparations for
herpes treatment. |
6 |
|
|
17.
|
Hepatites
Viruses. Laboratory diagnosis of diseases. Prophylaxis. Laboratory diagnosis of AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Viruses). Oncogenic
viruses. Slow viral infections. |
6 |
|
|
18.
|
Clinical microbiology |
6 |
|
THEMATICAL
PLAN OF INDIVIDUAL ORIGINAL STUDENTS WORK
for students of dentistry faculty
ON 2008-2009 YEAR
|
¹ |
Title of units |
Number of hours |
|
1.
|
The great
microbiologists, their role in the development of microbiology. |
1 |
|
2.
|
The role of
microorganisms in forming and development of Earth biosphere. Conception of microbial dominant.
Participation of bacterium in geochemical cycles. |
1 |
|
3.
|
Microbiological aspects of environment protect. The role of
microbes in
biodegradation. The problems of biosphere’s defence from artificial mutants and
cosmic microbes. |
1 |
|
4.
|
Human microflora, normal flora of mouth cavity. Dysbacteriosis, causes
of its appearance. Principles of prophylaxy and
therapy. |
1 |
|
5.
|
Basic principles of
rational chemotherapy of infectious disease. |
1 |
|
6.
|
Bacteriophages.
Practical significance of bacteriophage phenomenon. |
1 |
|
7.
|
Microbiologic bases
of gene engineering. Biotechnology. |
1 |
|
8.
|
Pathogenesis of
viral infections. |
1 |
|
9.
|
Mechanism of
formation of of bacterial resistance.. Principles of struggle with microbial drug resistance. |
1 |
|
10.
|
History of immunology.development |
1 |
|
11.
|
Specific prophylaxy and therapy of infectious diseases. Main
groups of vaccines. |
1 |
|
12.
|
Antibacterial and
antiviral sera and immunoglobulins. |
1 |
|
13.
|
Hybridomas
technology. |
1 |
|
14.
|
Pollen and atopy reaction, their mechanisms. diagnostics
and prophylaxis. |
1 |
|
15.
|
Pathogenic fungi.
Diseases. The methods of laboratory diagnosis. |
1 |
|
16.
|
Pathogenic
Protozoa. Diseases, methods of laboratory diagnosis. |
1 |
|
17.
|
Special and
Sanitary virology. |
1 |
Practical scills included in matricales
|
²²² ñåìåñòð, ²² course |
||
|
Module 1 |
||
|
¹ |
Names of practical
skills |
Level of
mustering |
|
1 |
To be able to prepare smears for microscopic examination
pathological material (pus, sputum, blood). To stain smears by simple and
complex method of staining (Gram’s technique). To
differentiate the main groups of microorganisms according to their morphology (light
microscope with immersion objective). |
3 |
|
2 |
To be able to collect pathological material for
diagnosis of infectious diseases (pus, sputum, blood). |
3 |
|
3 |
To examine the susceptibility of microbes to
chemotherapeutic drugs and antibiotics (method of serial dilutions and diffusion
disc technique). |
3 |
4. Examples of test questions for semester exam:
1. For statement of the microbiological diagnosis it
is necessary to obtain pure
culture of a
microorganism. What is the pure culture of bacteria?
A. Bacteria of one kind which grow as a
superficial lay
B. Growth of bacteria of one kind on a solid
nutrient medium
C. Growth of bacteria of one kind on a nutrient
medium
D. Growth of bacteria of one kind on a liquid
nutrient medium
E. Bacteria of one kind killed by heating
2. For obtain pure cultures one of the next methods is used.
Choose among listed one of such methods.
A. Fortner's method
B. Drigalskies'
method
C.
Membrane filter method
D. Hins’ method
E. Leffler's method
3. Specify
sanitary - indicative microbes of air.
À. Neisseria,
Streptococcus haemolyticus
B. Escherichia
coli, Clostridium perfringensa
C.
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus haemolyticus
D. Sarcina
luteae, Actynomycetes
E. Bacillus
subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae
4. What diseases can be
transferred through water more often?
A.
Tuberculosis, tetanus
B. Typhoid
fever, dysentery, hepatites A
C.
Anthrax, plagues, tularemia
D. Flu,
measles, diphtherias
E.
Botulism, gas gangren infections, tetanus
5. The
function/s of a viral capsid is/are:
A. it
protects the viral genome from physical and enzymatic destruction.
B. it
provides binding sites that enable the virus to attach to specific receptor
sites on the host cell.
C. it serves
as a vehicle of transmission from one host to another.
D. all of the above.
6. The typical course of an untreated HIV
infection extends over 10 or more years. There is usually a long period
(clinical latency) between the time of primary HIV infection and the
development of AIDS. During this period of clinical latency
A.
HIV is not detectable in the plasma
B.
CD4 cell counts remain unchanged
C.
Virus cannot be transmitted to others
D.
*Virus is present in lymphoid organs
E. Neutralizing
antibodies are not elicited
7. Viral coinfections occur in HIV-1-infected inviduals
and may contribute to morbidity and mortality. The most common coinfection in HIV-1-positive persons involves
A. *Hepatitis
C virus
B. Hepatitis
D virus
C. Human
immunodeficiency virus type 2
D. HumanT-lymphotropic virus
E. Kaposi's
sarcoma herpesvirus
8. What characteristic is shared by the Salk and the Sabin
vaccines?
A. Both are attenuated, active
vaccines.
B. Both are composed of virus
serotypes 1, 2, and 3.
C. Both are administered by injection.
D. Both are capable of reversion to
virulence
E. Both are shed in the feces of vaccinees.
9. Infection by these viruses is preventable with a licensed vaccine
A. Coxsackievirus A
B.
Coxsackievirus B
C.
Enterovirus 72
D. Poliovirus
E. Rhinovirus
5. Control form and
criteria of evaluation of students’ knowledge at the end of working day.
|
Marks |
Criteria of evaluation of practical skills |
|
1 - 3 |
Carrying out some fragments of practical
work, there are crude errors during experiment, absence of essence and value
of practical work explanation, minutes of practical work are not drawn up |
|
4 - 6 |
Carrying out practical work is incomplete, there are some errors during experiment, there are incomplete characteristics of mechanisms, methods, results interpretation, there are errors in students’ minutes. |
|
7 - 9 |
Practical work is executed completely, there
are conclusions according to the results, minutes of practical work are drawn
up with insignificant inexactitudes, during explanation of experimental
methods there are some mistakes in sequences of carrying out
practical work and use of scientific terms. |
|
10 - 12 |
Practical
work is executed completely, well founded conclusions have done, students’ minutes are drawn up. There are complete answers according to the
methods of investigations, mechanisms and practical use of microbiological
researches; scientific terms and concepts are correctly applied. |
II. evaluation Criteria of students’ participation
in discussion
|
Levels of educational achievements |
Marks |
Criteria of evaluation of students’
educational achievements |
|
². Elementary |
1 |
The matter of educational material is not
exposed; there are crude mistakes in determination of concepts, and use of
terminology. |
|
2 |
The matter of educational material is exposed
fragmentary; elementary examples and signs of microbiological objects are
resulted; there are crude mistakes in determination of concepts, and use of
terminology. |
|
|
3 |
The matter of educational material is exposed
fragmentary; bad characteristics of microbiological objects; there are errors
in determination of concepts and use of terminology. |
|
|
II. Satisfactory |
4 |
Basic matter of educational material is
exposed, but fragmentary, definitions of some microbiological concepts are
given; the general signs of microbiological objects are incompletely
described; there are some errors and inexactitudes when useat
the use of scientific terminology, definition of concepts are used. |
|
5 |
Basic matter of educational material is exposed,
but fragmentary, not always consistently; definition of some microbiological
concepts is given; the general signs of microbiological objects are
described; there are errors and inaccuracies when scientific terminology,
definition of concepts are used; conclusions are not made. |
|
|
6 |
Basic matter of educational material is exposed, but fragmentary, not always consistently; simple examples are resulted; definitions of concepts are not clear enough, not used as proofs conclusions of the supervisions and experiments; the done conclusions are not adequate to the task idea. |
|
|
III. Good |
7 |
Basic matter of educational material is
exposed; essence of microbiological concepts is exposed; definitions of
concepts are incomplete; there are insignificant violations of sequence of
material exposition, inaccuracy when scientific terms are used; incomplete
conclusions are done. |
|
8 |
Basic matter of educational material is
exposed; definitions of concepts are incomplete, there are insignificant violations
of sequence of material exposition, insignificant inaccuracies when use
scientific terms; unclear formulated conclusions. |
|
|
9 |
Basic matter of educational material is
exposed; definitions of concepts are full; there are insignificant violations
of sequence of material exposition, insignificant inaccuracies when someone uses
scientific terms; drawn up conclusions are clear, lectures’ materials are
used. |
|
|
IV. High |
10 |
The matter of material is fully exposed
according to the programme schedule; analysis and
essence of the microbiological phenomena, processes and their reasons have
done; conclusions are logical; lectutes materials
are used. |
|
11 |
The matter of material is fully exposed
according to the programme schedule; analysis and essence
of the microbiological phenomena, processes and their reasons have done;
materials of lectures are used, additional literature and materials for independent
out-classes work are used. |
|
|
12 |
The matter of material is fully exposed
according to the programme schedule; analysis and
essence of the microbiological phenomena, processes and their reasons have
done; someone can show skill to solve problem tasks, make well grounded
conclusions problem. Materials of lectures, additional literature and materials for
independent out-classes work are used, materials of Department WEB-site are
used too. |
III. Criteria of writing control of knowledge
evaluation
For writing control of knowledge department uses situation tasks, structural questions, tests etc. A student collects the certain sum of conditional marks. Every type of control is estimated separately, for example: tests 0,5 – 1 mark; structural tasks 3 –5 marks; situation tasks 7 –10 mark. The marks’ sum converts according to 12-mark scale of evaluation.
SUMMARY. Every student will have general
mark according to his/her participation in carrying out practical work,
discussion and answering the control tasks.
6. ÌÅÒHODOLOGICAL DISCIPLINE PROVIDING
3.1. Texts of the lectures.
3.2. Methodological materials for practical classes:
1) Students’ methodological instructions for
practical classes.
3.3. Lists of studuinf
equipments:
1)
microscopes;
2)
nutrient
media;
3)
films;
4)
computer
slides;
5)
tables;
6)
slide
projector;
7)
computer
system;
8)
CD-roms.
3.4. Situation problems
Reference:
1.
W. Levinson, E. Jawetz/ Medical Microbiology and Immunology/ International
edition, 2001.– 582 p.
2.
E. Jawetz, J.Melnnick, E.Adelberg Review of Medical
Microbiology, 2000, 553 p.
3.
Hadbook on
Microbiology. Laboratory diagnosis of Infectious Disease/ Ed by Yu.S. Krivoshein, 1989, 319 p.
4.
Ronald
M. Atlas. Microbiology in our World, 1995, 576 p.
5.
Bacteriology 330 Lecture Topics: 1997 Kenneth Todar
University of Wisconsin Department of Bacteriology, Internet, 2002.
6.
Essentials of Medical Microbiology
/ W.A. Volk, B.M. Gebhardt, M.-L. Hammarskjöld,
R.J. Kadner.– Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia-New-York, 1995.–
725 p.
7.
M.Gladwin, B. Traller,
Clinical Microbiology, 1995, Edition 2 – 273 p.
8.
W. Levinson, E. Jawetz.
Medical Microbiology and Immunology. Examination and Board Review/ Lange
medical book. Sixth edition, 2000, 536 p.