ÌÅÒHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTION
FOR THE V-th
YEAR STUDENTS
foreign students faculty
LESSON ¹ 1 (6 hours)
Theme 1: Structure and function of immune system. Immunology of the age. Evaluation of the
immune state. Methods of the research. Standart
immunogramm. Main symptoms of the immune system
disorders.
Aim: to form the complete picture of the immunologic
anamnesis, structure of immunopathology, to give
understanding of 1st, 2nd and 3rd level tests’
results and their interpreting.
Professional motivation: immunologic diagnosis and
strategy of therapy of immunopathology depends on the
stage of immune homeostasis disorders. So, possibility of immune analysis
interpreting is necessary for every doctor.
Methodology
of Practical Class
Introduction
by the teacher, control the initial level of knowledge – 09.00-09.30
Individual
students' work with patients - 09.30-12.00
Break
– 12.00-12.30
Seminar (discussion of theoretical questions, practical
work with patients) - 12.30-14.00
Break
– 14.00-14.15
Individual work 1415-1500 (students who didn`t pass the tests in Moodle
system, complete the individual work).
Algorithm
of students’ communication with patients with pathology in subject
(communication skills):
During
examination of the patient students have to use such communicative algorithm:
Complaints
and anamnesis taking in patients
1. Friendly
facial expression and smile.
2. Gentle
tone of speech.
3. Greeting
and introducing.
4.
Take complaints and anamnesis in a patient.
5. Explain
to the patient results of his/her lab tests correctly and accessibly.
6. Explain
to the patient your actions concerning him/her (the necessity of
hospitalization, certain examinations and manipulations), which are planned in
future.
7. Conversation
accomplishment.
Objective
examination:
Physical
methods of examination of patients with internal diseases
1. Friendly
facial expression and smile.
2. Gentle
tone of speech.
3. Greeting
and introducing.
4.
Explain to a patient, what examinations will be carried out and get his/her
informed consent.
5.
Find a contact with the patient and make an attempt to gain his/her trust.
6.
Inform about the possibility of appearing of unpleasant feelings during the
examination.
7.
Prepare for the examination (clean warm hands, cut nails, warm phonendoscope, etc.).
8. Examination
(demonstration of clinical skill).
9.
Explain to the patient results of his/her lab tests correctly and accessibly.
10.
Conversation accomplishment.
Estimation of
laboratory and instrumental investigations
Informing
about the results of examination of patients with internal diseases
1. Friendly
facial expression and smile.
2. Gentle
tone of speech.
3. Greeting
and introducing.
4. Explain
to a patient results of his/her lab tests correctly and clearly.
5.
Involve the patient into the conversation (compare present examination results
with previous ones, clarify whether your explanations
are clearly understood).
Planning
and prognosis the results of the conservative
treatment
Friendly
facial expression and smile.
1. Gentle
tone of speech.
2. Greeting
and introducing.
3.
Correct and clear explanation of necessary treatment directions.
4.
Discuss with a patient the peculiarities of taking medicines, duration of their
usage, possible side effects; find out whether your explanations are clear for
him/her or not.
5. Conversation
accomplishment.
WORK 1: Curation of the
thematic patient. Taking of immunological anamnesis/
WORK 2: Evaluation of immunogram’s
data. Main immunopathologic
syndromes.
WORK 3: To compare immunogram
in different age.
Students' Independent Study Program
1. Cells and tissues of immune
system.
2. Antibodies: structure and
function.
3. Congenital and acquired
immunity.
4. Cytokines: intracellular
messengers of proliferation and function. Regulation of
immune response.
5. The mucosal immune system.
6. Immunity to microorganisms.
7. Interpreting of immune
tests’ results. Normal rates of immune indices.
8. Immune tests’ results in
case of acute and chronic inflammation.
9. Immune tests’ results in
case of physiologic atipic reaction.
10. The immune response of
normal children and elderly people. Immune tests’
interpreting in children elderly people.
Seminar discussion of theoretical
issues:
1.
Definition and types of immunity.
2.
Central and peripheral organs of the
immune system.
3.
Factors of immunity.
4.
Major histocompatibility
complex: structure, properties and function. Regulation of
5.
immunity.
6.
Features immunological history.
7.
Clinical methods for evaluating the
immune system.
8.
Instrumental methods for evaluating the immune
system.
9.
Laboratory methods for evaluating the
immune system: humoral innate protective
factors, evaluation of cellular immunity comprehensive assessment of local immunity.
10.
The main complaints of patients with
immune disorders.
11.
Features immunological diagnosis.
12.
Determination of the main symptoms
and syndromes of immune disorders.
13.
5. Physical symptoms of immune
pathology. Methods of physical examination of patients with disorders of the immune system
(ultrasound, radiology, immunohistochemistry, etc.).
14.
Age features of bone marrow, thymus
and peripheral organs limfoyidnyh.
15.
Age features of the functioning of
immune cells.
16.
Age features of inflammatory
reactions.
17.
The role of maternal immunity in the
formation of the child.
18.
Imune
system of the fetus, the newborn child i in different age periods.
19.
Thymus and aging. Approaches to the
use immunotropic treatment based on age.
Test evaluation
and situational tasks:
1. All the cells are effectors
except:
A. T-cytotoxic.
B. NK-cell.
C. Plasma cell.
D. T-helper.
E. None of above
2. How many types of the
immune globulines do you know?
A. 6.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
E. 2.
3. All the markers are of
T-cells except:
A. CD4.
B. CD8.
C. CD3.
D. CD19.
E. None of above
4. What type of immunoglobulins has the most important role in case of
acute respiratory infection?
A. IgA.
B. IgM.
C. IgG.
D. IgD.
E. IgE
5. What is the function of
plasma cells?
A.
participation in immune cooperation.
B.
immunoglobulin production.
C. IFN
production.
D.
participation in neoplasia control.
E. immunosuppression.
6. What is the function of NK-cells?
A.
participation in immune cooperation.
B.
immunoglobulin production.
C. IFN
production.
D. participation in neoplasia control
E. immunosuppression.
7. What class of immunoglobulin
increases in case of helminth invasion?
A. IgA.
B. IgM.
C. IgG.
D. IgDE.
IgE.
8. What class of immunoglobulin can go through
placenta?
A. IgA.
B. IgM.
C. IgG.
D. IgD.
E. IgE.
9. All the medicines could be useful in case
of anaphylactic reactions except:
A. epinephrine
B. diphenhydramine
C. zaditen
D. dobutamine
E. betametason
10. AIDS is caused by a human
retrovirus that kills
A. B lymphocytes
B. lymphocyte stem cells
C. CD4-positive T lymphocytes
D. CD8-positive T lymphocytes
E. None of above
Initial
level of knowledge and skills are checked by solving situational
tasks for each topic, answers in test evaluations and constructive questions (the
instructor has tests & situational tasks)
Students should know:
1. Cell and tissue of immune
system.
2. Antibodies: structure and
function.
3. Congenital and acquired
immunity.
4. Cytokines: intracellular
messengers of proliferation and function. Regulation of
immune response.
5. The mucosal immune system.
6. Immunity to microorganisms.
7. Interpreting of immune
tests’ results. Normal rates of immune indices.
8. Immune tests’ results in
case of acute and chronic inflammation.
9. Immune tests’ results in
case of physiologic atypical reaction.
10. The immune response of
normal children. Immune tests’ interpreting in children and
elderly people.
Students should be able to:
1. Analyse 1st level of immune
analysis.2. Diagnose allergic reactions and diseases.
3. Diagnose pseudoallergic reactions.
4. Diagnose paraallergic reactions.
5. Choose the treatment for
patient with allergic reactions and diseases.
6. Choose the treatment for
patient with pseudoallergic reactions.
7. Choose the treatment for
patient with paraallergic reactions.
8. Choose the complex of
immediate treatment for patient with anaphylaxis
Correct
answers of test evaluations and situational tasks: 1B, 2D, 3D,
4A, 5B, 6D, 7E,
References.
À - Basic:
1.
Stephen Holgate. Martin Church. David
Broide Fernando
2.
Mark Peakman. Diego Vergani.
Basic and Clinical Immunology with STUDENT. - Imprint: Churchill Livingstone Published: - April 2009.
3.
Roderick Nairn, Matthew Helbert. Immunology for medical students / Hardboun - 2012 –326 p.
4.
Web -sites:
a.
http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua
: Structure
and function of immune system
b.
http://emedicine.medscape.com/
B
– Additional:
1.
Linda Cox. Allergen
Immunotherapy, An Issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics.-
/ Published: May 2011.- Hardbound, - 312
p.
2.
Dédée Murrell. Autoimmune Diseases of the Skin, An
Issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics. - Imprint: Saunders.- Published: May 2012.
Methodical
instruction has been worked out by assoc. prof. Volodymyr Horodetskyy
Methodical instruction was discussed and adopted at
the Department sitting: “