FLAPS WITH AXIAL VASCULAR PATTERN IN CRANIAL-FACIAL SURGERY, TYPES, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES, INDICATIONS, APPLICATIONS. MICROSURGERY DEFECTS OF THE MAXILLO-FACIAL AREA SOFT TISSUES AND BONES: NATURE, INDICATIONS, TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT FOR OPERATIONS. Introduction Axial pattern flaps are pedicle grafts which incorporate a direct cutaneous artery and vein into the base of