I.
SYLLABUS
on
Normal Physiology
Department of PHYSIOLOGY
Speciality 7.12010001 “General Medicine”
Explanatory note and Structure of Normal Physiology
Program on Normal Physiology was created for specialities “General Medicine” 7.110101, “Paediatrics” 7.110104, “Prophylactic Medicine” 7.110105 of the area of training 1101 “Medicine” in accordance with the educational-qualifying characteristics and educational-professional programs of preparing of specialists, ratified by the order of the Ministry of Education of Ukraine N 239 from 16.04.03, as well as by the educational plan of specialists training of educational-qualifying characteristics, ratified by the order of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine N 52 from 31.01.2005.
The term of studying in these specialities lasts for 6 years. The ultimate goals of disciplines are identical; therefore the united program on normal physiology for these disciplines was created.
According to the curriculum the study of normal physiology is carried out during the 2nd year (semester III-IV).
Physician, regardless of specialization, must know the bases of normal physiology; therefore the training of skilled physician is impossible without the deep and concrete studying of normal physiology.
The program is structured into the modules, semantic modules, themes in accordance with the requirements of “Recommendations on the development of educational disciplines” (Order of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine, N492 from 12.10.2004).
Normal physiology as an academic discipline:
a) is based on a study of Medical Biology, Medical and Biological Physics, medicinal chemistry, biological and bioorganic chemistry, morphological disciplines and integrates these disciplines;
b) sets the basis for study of the pathophysiology and clinical propaedeutic disciplines that involves integration of teaching of these disciplines and shaping the skills to apply knowledge of physiology in the further education and in professional activities;
c) lays the foundations of a healthy lifestyle and prevention of diseases in the process of life.
Organization of the educational process is carried out using the credit-module system according to the
The program of the course is structured into modules, which include blocks of content modules. The volume of educational workload is described in the ECTS credits – evaluative credits that students are credited for after successful completion of the corresponding module.
Discipline is structured into 4 modules:
Module 1. Nerve and humoral regulation of body functions
Content of module:
1. Introduction to physiology.
2. Physiology of synapses. Interneural connections in CNS. Role of spinal cord in regulation of body functions.
3. Nerve regulation of body functions.
4. Role of central nervous system in regulation of body functions.
5. Role of autonomic nervous system in regulation of visceral functions.
6. Humoral regulation and role of endocrine glands in regulation of visceral functions.
Module 2. Physiology of blood and blood circulation
Content of module:
7. Physiology of blood.
8. Physiology of blood circulation.
Module 3. Physiology of breathing, metabolism, thermoregulation, digestion and excretion
Content of module:
9. Physiology of breathing.
10.Thermoregulation.
11.Energy exchange
12.Digestive systems
13.Excretion systems.
Module 4. Analyzers. Higher integrative functions. Physiology of work.
Content of module:
14.Physiology of sensory systems.
15.Physiological basis of behavior.
16.Higher integrative functions.
17.Physiology of work and sport activities.
“Normal Physiology”
CURRICULUM FOR STUDENTS OF MEDICAL FACULTY
|
Curriculum structure |
Number of academic hours |
Year of study |
Type of evaluation |
|||
|
Total hours/ credits |
Classroom hours |
Students’ individual work |
||||
|
Lectures |
Practical classes |
|||||
|
|
300 |
60 |
120 |
120 |
2 |
|
|
ECTS credits |
10,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
Module I.Content modules – 6 |
70 hours /2,2 ECTS credits |
16 |
30 |
24 |
2 |
Semester test exam |
Module II.Content modules – 2 |
96 hours /3,2 ECTS credits |
20 |
36 |
40 |
2 |
Semester test exam |
Module III.Content modules – 5 |
88 hours /3,0 credits ECTS |
14 |
36 |
38 |
2 |
Semester test exam |
Module IV.Semantic modules – 4 |
46 hours /1,6 ECTS credits |
10 |
18 |
18 |
2 |
Semester test exam |
|
Weekly load |
7,5 hours / 0,25 ECTS credits |
|
||||
Note:
1 ECTS credit– 30 hours
Classroom hours – 65 %, independent work of students – 35 %.
AIM and objectives of the “Normal Physiology“ DISCIPLINE
The purpose of the study of physiology: The final goals are established on the base of educational-professional program of physician training in the specialty according to its content modules. Based on the final objectives for each module or content module, the specific goals in the form of particular skills and the target tasks that provide the ultimate goals of the discipline were formulated.
The final goals of learning the discipline:
• Making a conclusion on the physiological functions of the body, its systems and organs.
• Analyze the age pecularities of body functions and their regulation.
• Analyze the regulatory parameters and draw conclusions about the mechanisms of the nervous and endocrine regulation of physiological functions of the body and its systems.
• Analyze human health under different conditions based on physiological criteria.
• Interpret the mechanisms and patterns of excitable structures functions.
• Analyze the state of sensory processes in the life curriculum of a human.
• Explain the physiological basis of body functions research methods.
• Explain the integrative mechanisms of the organism.
Thematic plan of lectures for module 1 –
«Nerve and humoral regulation of body functions»
Cycle 1 «Nerve and humoral regulation of body functions»
|
№ |
Theme of the lectures |
Hours |
|
1. |
Physiology as the science. Bioelectrical phenomena ierve cells. |
2 |
|
2. |
Physiology of synapses, interneuronal connections |
2 |
|
3. |
Physiology of spinal cord. Physiology of medulla, midbrain and diencephalon |
2 |
|
4. |
Physiology of large hemispheres of the brain and cerebellum |
2 |
|
5. |
Role of autonomic (vegetative) nerve system in regulation of visceral functions |
2 |
|
6. |
Central regulation of visceral functions |
2 |
|
7. |
Regulation of body functions by hypothalamo-hypophisial system and adrenal glands |
2 |
|
8. |
Role of endocrinic glands in regulation of body functions |
2 |
|
|
Total hours |
16 |
Thematic plan of practical classes for module 1 –
«Nerve and humoral regulation of body functions»
Cycle 1 «Nerve and humoral regulation of body functions»
|
№ |
Theme of the practical classes |
Hours |
|
1. |
Physiology is the theoretical bases of medicine. History landmarks of physiological science. Bioelectrical phenomena ierve cells. |
6 |
|
2. |
Physiology of synapses. Interneuronal connection in central nervous system. Physiology of spinal cord |
6 |
|
3. |
Role of medulla in regulation of body functions. Function of large hemispheres of the brain and cerebellum. Physiology of cerebral cortex. |
6 |
|
4. |
Physiology of autonomic nervous system. Role of autonomic nervous system in regulation of visceral functions. Central regulation of autonomic functions |
6 |
|
5. |
Regulation of body functions by hypothalamo-hypophisial system and adrenal glands. Role of endocrines glands in regulation of body functions. Age peculiarities of nerve and humeral regulation |
6 |
|
|
Total hours |
30 |
Individual work for module 1 –
«Nerve and humoral regulation of body functions»
Cycle 1 «Nerve and humoral regulation of body functions»
|
№
|
Tasks |
Hours |
|
1. |
Influence of direct current on excitable tissues |
2 |
|
2. |
Physiological control of muscle contraction |
2 |
|
3. |
Function of skeletal muscles. Fatigue and recovery of physical workability |
2 |
|
4. |
Function of haemato-encephalic barrier |
3 |
|
5. |
Physiology of epiphysis |
3 |
|
6. |
Physiology of thymus |
3 |
|
7. |
Role of nitric oxide in control of body function |
3 |
|
8. |
Physiology of maturation |
3 |
|
9. |
Physiological basis of reproductive function Physiology of pregnancy and childbirth |
3 |
|
|
Total hours |
24 |
Thematic plan of lectures for module 2 –
«Physiology of blood and blood circulation»
|
№ |
Theme of the lectures |
Hours |
|
Cycle 2. Physiology of blood |
||
|
1. |
Physiology of red blood cells. Erythron. Respiratory pigments |
2 |
|
2. |
Physiology of leukocytes. Blood types. |
2 |
|
3. |
Haemostasis system. |
2 |
|
Cycle 3. Physiology of blood circulation |
||
|
1. |
Physiological properties of heart. |
2 |
|
2. |
Electrocardiography evaluation of heart work |
2 |
|
3. |
Pump work of heart. Echocardiography |
2 |
|
4. |
Nerve and humoral regulation of heart activity. |
2 |
|
5. |
Physiology of blood vessels. Systemic circulation |
2 |
|
6. |
Physiology of microcirculation, vains and lymphatic vessels |
2 |
|
7. |
Regulation of systemic circulation |
2 |
|
|
Total hours |
20 |
Thematic plan of practical classes for module 2 –
«Physiology of blood and blood circulation»
|
№ |
Theme of the practical classes |
Hours |
|
Cycle 2. Physiology of blood |
||
|
1. |
Physiology of red blood cells. Flow properties of blood. Age peculiarities of the blood system. |
6 |
|
2. |
Physiology of leukocytes Leukocyte formula. Age peculiarities of the leukocyte formula |
6 |
|
3. |
Vessel-platlet hemostasis. Physiology of blood clotting. Anticlotting mechanisms and fibrinolysis |
6 |
|
Cycle 3. Physiology of blood circulation |
||
|
1. |
Physiological properties of heart Formation of normal electrocardiogram Electrocardiography as a method of observation |
6 |
|
2. |
Pumping work of the heart Echocardiography evaluation of heart function Nerve end humeral regulation of heart activity. |
6 |
|
3. |
Physiology of blood vessels. Systemic circulation Physiology of venous and lymphatic system Regulation of blood circulation |
6 |
|
|
Total hours |
36 |
Individual work for module 2 –
«Physiology of blood and blood circulation»
|
№ |
Tasks |
Hours |
|
Cycle 2. Physiology of blood |
||
|
1 |
Adaptive mechanisms in modified oxygen supply in atmosphere |
5 |
|
2. |
Role of blood system for immunity defence of the body |
6 |
|
3. |
Rheological properties of the blood |
6 |
|
Cycle 3. Physiology of blood circulation |
||
|
1. |
Examining of central haemodinamix |
6 |
|
2. |
Physiology of microcirculation |
6 |
|
3. |
Examining of regional blood flour |
6 |
|
4. |
Physiological analysis of pulmonary blood flour |
5 |
|
|
Total hours |
40 |
Thematic plan of lectures for module 3 –
«Physiology of breathing, metabolism and termoregulation. Physiology of digestion and excretion»
|
№ |
Theme of the lectures |
Hours |
|
Cycle 4. Physiology of breathing and metabolism |
||
|
1. |
Biomechanics of breathing act. Lungs ventilation |
2 |
|
2. |
Transport of gases. Regulation of respiration |
2 |
|
3. |
Exchange of materials. Intensity of metabolic processes in the body. Temperature homeostasis |
2 |
|
Cycle 5. Physiology of digestion and excretion |
||
|
1. |
Digestion in oral cavity and stomach |
2 |
|
2. |
Digestion in intestine and colon. |
2 |
|
3. |
Absorption in gastrointestinal tract and motility of gastrointestinal tract |
2 |
|
4. |
Physiology of kidneys |
2 |
|
|
Total hours |
14 |
Thematic plan of practical classes for module 3 –
«Physiology of breathing, metabolism and thermoregulation. Physiology of digestion and excretion»
|
№ |
Theme of the practical classes |
Hours |
|
Cycle 4. Physiology of breathing and metabolism |
||
|
1. |
Biomechanism of breathing Ventilation of the lungs Transport of gases |
6 |
|
2. |
Regulation of respiration. Respiration in different functional states and existence conditions. Physiology of temperature regulation |
6 |
|
3. |
Exchange of materials. Intensity of metabolic processes in the body. Physiological basis of rational nutrition. |
6 |
|
Cycle 5. Physiology of digestion and excretion |
||
|
1. |
Digestion in oral cavity. Digestion in stomach. |
6 |
|
2. |
Digestion in intestine and colon. Absorption in gastrointestinal tract Motility of gastrointestinal tract |
6 |
|
3. |
Physiology of kidneys. Uropoesis. Role of kidneys in keeping homeostasis |
6 |
|
|
Total hours |
36 |
Individual work for module 3 –
Physiology of breathing, metabolism and thermoregulation. Physiology of digestion and excretion
|
№ |
Tasks |
Hours |
|
Cycle 4. Physiology of breathing and metabolism |
||
|
1. |
Evaluation of functional status of respiratory system |
5 |
|
Cycle 5. Physiology of digestion and excretion |
||
|
1. |
Physiological peculiarities of bile secretion and pick out of bile |
5 |
|
2. |
Control of absorbtion of nutritive substances in digestive tract |
4 |
|
3. |
Functional interconnection in digestive system |
4 |
|
4. |
Role of gastrointestinal hormones in control of digestive system |
4 |
|
5. |
Examining of digestive organs using functional and instrumental methods |
4 |
|
6. |
Evaluation of kidney function |
6 |
|
7. |
Physiology of skin |
6 |
|
|
Total hours |
38 |
Thematic plan of lectures for module 4 –
“Analyzers. Higher nervous activity. Physiology of work“
Cycle 6. Analyzers. Higher nervous activity. Physiology of work
|
№ |
Theme of the lectures |
Hours |
|
1. |
Physiology of visual analyzer |
2 |
|
2. |
Physiology of hearing. Vestibular analyzer |
2 |
|
3. |
Nociceptive sensation. Somatic sensory analyzer |
2 |
|
4. |
Conditioned reflex activity of the organism |
2 |
|
5. |
Physiological basis of human bechaviour. Work activity |
2 |
|
|
Total hours |
10 |
Thematic plan of practical classes for module 4 –
“Analyzers. Higher nervous activity. Physiology of work“
Cycle 6. Analyzers. Higher nervous activity. Physiology of work
|
№ |
Theme of the practical classes |
Hours |
|
1. |
Physiology of eye. Physiology of vision. Nociceptive sensation. |
6 |
|
2. |
Physiology of hearing. Vestibular analyzer. Somatic sensory analyzer |
6 |
|
3. |
Conditioned reflex activity. Physiological basis of human bechaviour. Physiology of work |
6 |
|
|
Total hours |
18 |
Individual work for module 4 –
“Analyzers. Higher nervous activity. Physiology of work“
Cycle 6. Analyzers. Higher nervous activity. Physiology of work
|
№ |
Tasks |
Hours |
|
1. |
Age peculiarities of higher nervous activity |
6 |
|
2. |
Individual peculiarities of adaptation process |
6 |
|
3. |
Interconnection of human body with surrounding environment |
6 |
|
|
Total hours |
18 |
Practical scills included in matricales
|
N |
Practical scills |
Level of mustering |
Line of matricule |
Name of cycle |
|
|
1 |
Dinamometry |
5 |
ІІ |
Content module 4. Role of central nervous system in regulation of body functions. |
|
|
2 |
Recordinf of electroencephalogram and evaluation of results in healthy person |
2 |
ІІ |
Content module 4. Role of central nervous system in regulation of body functions. |
|
|
3 |
Determination of haemoglobin by means cianmetgemoglobin method. Evaluation of results |
2 |
ІІ |
Content module 7. Physiology of blood |
|
|
4 |
Count of amount of red corpuscles Evaluation of results |
2 |
ІІ |
Content module 7. Physiology of blood |
|
|
5 |
Count of amount of leucocytes. Evaluation of results |
2 |
ІІ |
Content module 7. Physiology of blood |
|
|
6 |
Determination of leucocyte formula. Evaluation of results |
2 |
ІІ |
Content module 7. Physiology of blood |
|
|
7 |
Evaluation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Evaluation of results |
2 |
ІІ |
Content module 7. Physiology of blood |
|
|
8 |
Determination of blood types in the АВО system by means standard serums and monoclonal antibodies |
3 |
ІІ |
Content module 7. Physiology of blood |
|
|
9 |
Determination of blood types in the CDE system by means monoclonal antibodies |
3 |
ІІ |
Content module 7. Physiology of blood |
|
|
10 |
Estimation and interpretation of the coagulogramm indexes |
2 |
ІІ |
Content module 7. Physiology of blood |
|
|
11 |
Recording of electrocardiogram |
3 |
ІІ |
Content module 8. Physiology of blood circulation |
|
|
12 |
ECG analysis |
3 |
ІІ |
Content module 8. Physiology of blood circulation |
|
|
13 |
Echoinvestigation of the heart. Interpretation of results in healthy person |
2 |
ІІ |
Content module 8. Physiology of blood circulation |
|
|
14 |
Palpation of puls on brachial artery |
5 |
ІІ |
Content module 8. Physiology of blood circulation |
|
|
15 |
Analysis of spirogram in healthy person. Analysis of results. Normal value of indexes |
3 |
ІІ |
Content module 9. Physiology of breathing |
|
|
16 |
Evaluation of Zymnytsky’s and Nechyporenko’s test in healthy persons. |
3 |
ІІ |
Content module 13. Physiology of excretion |
|
|
17 |
Evaluation of visual acuity |
3 |
ІІ |
Content module 14. Physiology of sensory systems |
|
|
18 |
Estimation of visual feild |
2 |
ІІ |
Content module 14. Physiology of sensory systems |
|
|
19 |
Evaluation of hearing function using tuning fork |
3 |
ІІ |
Content module 14. Physiology of sensory systems |
|
|
20 |
Testing of personality traits using EPQ |
2 |
ІІ |
Content module 16. Higher nervous activity |
|
Forms control and evaluation criteria for knowledge at the end of day.
Criteria for evaluating training, and knowledge of students from physiology
during the seminars
|
Levels of academic achievements |
Points
|
Criteria for evaluating the academic achievements of students
|
|
І. Primary |
1 |
Content of educational material is not disclosed, admitted the gross error in defining the concepts, the use of terminology; |
|
2 |
Content of educational material is not disclosed, admitted the gross error in defining the concepts, the use of terminology; |
|
|
3 |
Content of educational material is not disclosed, admitted the gross error in defining the concepts, the use of terminology; |
|
|
II. Medium |
4 |
Discloses the contents of educational material, but it contained fragmented, given the determination of individual physiological processes; incomplete characterized functional mechanisms of physiological processes, errors and inaccuracies when using scientific terminology, the definition of concepts. |
|
5 |
Discloses the contents of educational material, but it contained fragmented, not always consistently, given the determination of individual physiological processes, described the general functional mechanisms of physiological processes, errors and inaccuracies when using scientific terminology, the definition of concepts, not conclusions; |
|
|
6 |
Discloses the contents of educational material, but it contained fragmented, not always consistently, are simple examples, the definition of the concepts are not clearly not used as evidence the findings and synthesis of observations and experiments, conclusions do not match the content of tasks; |
|
|
III. Satisfactory |
7 |
Discloses the contents of educational material uncovered the essence of physiological processes, identifying concepts incomplete; admitted minor violations sequence presentation, inaccuracies using scientific terms, made incomplete findings; |
|
8 |
Discloses the contents of teaching material, the definition of concepts incomplete admitted minor violations of the sequence presentation, minor inaccuracies in the use of scientific terms, not clearly formulated conclusions. |
|
|
9 |
Discloses the contents of teaching material, the definition of the concepts are, admitted minor violations of the sequence presentation, minor inaccuracies in the use of scientific terms; clear conclusions, using lectures. |
|
|
IV. Exellent |
10 |
Fully disclosed the content of the material in the volume of training programs; analyzed and disclosed the essence of the functional mechanisms of physiological processes, a cause-consequential connections; construct a logical conclusion, using lectures. |
|
11 |
Fully disclosed the content of the material in the volume of training program rated the functional mechanisms of physiological processes, grounded conclusions, using lectures, additional literature and materials for the independent studying program. |
|
|
12 |
Fully disclosed the content of the material in the volume of training programs; characterized various functional mechanisms of physiological processes, clearly and correctly give the definition content and series concepts, correctly applied scientific terms, shows the ability to solve the problem task, make reasonable conclusions; complete response, and may reach beyond this problem, but related, using lectures, additional literature and materials to the independent studying program, teaching materials are posted on the Web – pages of the department. |
Criteria for evaluating the performance of practical work with students of physiology
|
Points |
Criteria for assessment of practical skills |
|
1 – 3 |
Some items of practical work, allowed gross errors during the experiments, the lack of explanation and meaning essentially practical work, practical work protocols are not designed |
|
4 – 6 |
Implementation of practical work in the not fully admitted some mistakes during the research, not fully oharaktyzovani mechanisms, methods, interpretation of results, protocols designed for practical classes with errors. |
|
7 – 9 |
Practical work carried out in full, conclusions about the results, protocols designed for practical lessons with minor inaccuracies, while explaining techniques to perform practical work admitted minor violations of the sequence of teaching and using scientific terms. |
|
10 – 12 |
Practical work is done entirely made reasonable findings, issued and signed protocols, the complete response on methods, mechanisms and practical use of physiological research, properly applied scientific terms and concepts. |
Creteria for written test control at practical units
Test control includes 5 short factic questions, 1 practically oriented task and 10 tests for multiply choice. Calculation of summary mark:
1 tests for multiply choice = 0,5
1 factic question = 1,0
1 practically oriented task = 2,0
Summary mark for test control should be rounded to whole figure.
Total summary mark for the lesson should be estimated as everage from marks given to student through the lesson: 1) for practical work, 2) for oral discussion, 3) for written test control.
